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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some organic carbon containing compounds |
1. Proteins 2. DNA 3. Carbohydrates |
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how many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
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4 covalent (electron sharing) bonds
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what is the difference between single and double bonds? |
Single bonds- atoms can rotate AROUND the bond Double bonds- no rotation |
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What is a Carbon ring?
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when Carbons bind with each other and the chain is so long it is able to form into a ring
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what are hydrocarbons?
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molecules that only contain carbon and Hydrogen. found abundantly in gasoline. |
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what are functional groups?
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components of organic molecules most commonly involved in chemical reactions
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what are some components of Hydroxyl and how does it work?
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H - Polar I - Alcohol -C-HO - Hydrogen bonds I H |
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What are some components of Carbonyl, and how does it work?
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-Terminal (on the end of a chain) >Aldehyde -C=O -Non-terminal >ketone H O H I II I H-C-C-C-H I I H H |
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What are some components of Carboxyl, and how does it work? |
- is acidic and can donate a proton -polar -Has a single bonded OH and a double bonded O
-C=O I OH |
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What are some components of Amino, and how does it work?
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-Acts as a base -Can pick up a Hydrogen
C-NH3 |
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what are some components of Sulfhydryl, and how does it work?
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- polar - "Cross link" proteins C-HS |
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What are some components of Phosphate, and how does it look?
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- confers negative charge to molecule - reacts with water, releasing energy O II -O-P-O I O |
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What are some components of Methyl, and how does it look?
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*Non-reactive - non-polar - important in gene expression -CH3 |
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what are the components of ATP
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Three Phosphate groups attached to an adenosine
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what are some isomers of molecules? |
1. Structural 2. Geometric 3. Enantiomers |
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define Structural isomers
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Different covalent arrangements of their atoms
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define geometric isomers
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same covalent arrangement different spatial arrangement |
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define enantiomers
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mirror images of each other
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define Macromolecules
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-the polymer of molecules formed via polymerization dehydration (condensation reaction) |
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How are monosaccharide grouped?
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- Number of Carbons - Position of Carbonyl group - Left or Right Enantiomers |
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define aldose |
Aldehyde sugar (has carbonyl at the end of chain)
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define Ketose
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Ketone sugar (has carbonyl in the middle of chain)
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What is the difference between Alpha and Beta glucose?
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when hydroxyl is over the ring the glucose is Alpha. when hydroxyl is under the ring the glucose is Beta. |
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what are the biological roles of polysaccharides?
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-Structural component of cell >Plants: cellulose >Arthropods, and Fungi: chitin -Storage of surplus/energy >Plants: starch >Animals: glycogen >Requires little water |
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what is chitin? |
Structural polysaccharide of arthropods and fungi
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