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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clinical Psychology |
Study of mental processes |
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Clinical Psychology |
Study and treatment of mental disorders |
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Basic Research |
Obtaining knowledge for it's own sake |
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Applied Research |
Solves specific practical problems |
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Structuralism |
Analysis of mind in terms of basic elements |
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Functionalism |
Studied the function of consciousness rather than structure |
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Gesalt Psychology |
Examines how mind organizes elements of experience into a "whole perception" |
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Subfields of Psychology |
- Clinical - Cognitive - Biopsychology/Neuroscience - Developmental - Experimental - Industrial-Organization - Personality - Social |
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Avoiding Misconceptions |
- Record responses - Multiple observers - Statistics - Controlled experiments - Publishing research |
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Goals of Psychology |
1) Describe: how people and animals behave 2) Explain: understand causes of behaviours 3) Predict: how people and animals will behave in certain situations 4) Influence/Control: behaviour through knowledge and control for human welfare |
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Levels of Analysis |
- Biological - Environmental - Psychological |
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Major Psychological Perspectives |
- Psychodynamic - Behavioural - Humanistic - Biological - Cognitive - Sociocultural |
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Habituation |
Subjects adjusts to and ignores researchers presence |
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Counterbalancing |
Order of conditions is varied so no one condition has an advantage |
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Meta-analysis |
Statistical procedure that compares results of research on similar topic to test significance of findings |
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Scientific Process |
1) Identify question of interest 2) Gather information and form hypothesis 3) Test hypothesis through research 4) Analyze data, draw conclusions, report findings 5) Build a body of knowledge |
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Psychological Tests |
- Personality - Intelligence - Neuropsychological - Physiological |
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Experimental Designs |
- Between groups/subjects model - Within subjects/Repeated measures model |
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Chemical Communication |
- Synthesis - Storage - Release - Binding - Deactivation |
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Glutamate |
- Excitatory - Learning and memory - CNS |
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GABA |
- Excitatory - Anxiety and motor control - CNS - Huntington's disease - Personality changes - Loss of motor control |
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Acetylcholine |
- Excitatory - Learning, memory, wakefulness, eating - Depression (under) - Panic and stress (over) |
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Serotonin |
- Inhibitory - Mood, sleep, eating, arousal, pain, pleasure - Depression, sleeping, eating disorders (under) |
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Dopamine |
- Inhibitory/Excitatory - Voluntary movements, emotional arousal, learning motivation, experience pleasure - Parkinson's disease, depression (under) - Schizophrenia (over) |
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Endorphin |
- Inhibits pain impulses - Insensitivity to pain (over) - Pain hypersensitivity, immune problems (under) |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
- Somatic - Autonomic: > sympathetic - activation > parasympathetic - deactivation |
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Methods of Studying Brian |
- Neuropsychological tests - Destruction and stimulation techniques - Electrical recording - Brain imaging |
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Hindbrain |
- Brain stem: life support systems - Medulla: vital body functions - Pons: carry impulses from lower to higher levels of brain - Cerebellum: motor coordination |
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Midbrain |
- Motor control - Reticular formation: sleep, consciousness, attention |
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Forebrain
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- Hemispheres
- Thalamus: sensory switchboard - Basal Ganglia: movement - Hypothalamus: biological drives - Limbic System: memory and goal-directed behaviour |
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Limbic System |
- Hippocampus: forming and retrieving memories - Amygdala: emotional response patterns - Nucleus accumbens: reward and motivation |
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Cerebral Cortex |
- Association cortex: thought, memory, perception - Motor cortex: voluntary movement - Sensory cortex: senses > somatic sensory cortex: sensations |
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Cerebral Cortex Lobes |
- Frontal: speech and skeletal motor functions - Parietal: sensations - Occipital: visual area - Temporal: auditory system |
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Speech Production and Comprehension |
- Broca's area: speech production - Wernicke's area: language comprehension |
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Left Hemisphere |
- Verbal and speech, mathematical, logical - Positive emotions |
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Right Hemisphere |
- Mental imagery, spatial relations, artistic ability - Negative emotions |
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Split Brain |
- Cut corpus callosum - Prohibits communication between hemispheres |
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Brain Plasticity |
- Early experience - Recovery from brain injury |
