Midterm

Front 1

"We consider that the Indians are truly men and that they are not only capable of understanding the catholic faith, but according to our information, they desire exceedingly to receive it."

Back 1

Pope Paul III in 1537

Front 2

Indigenous Americans suffered demographic losses of genocidal proportions in the 16th and 17th centuries. The number of native peoples dropped from 30-50m in 1492 to 12m by 1650. The primary cause for this horrific decline was _________.

Back 2

Smallpox

Front 3

Spanish monarch who sponsored Columbus' first voyage to the New World :

Back 3

Queen Isabella

Front 4

"the cacique [Hatuey], who had never heard of any of this before, and was told he would go to inferno where, if he did not adapt the Christian faith, he would suffer eternal torment, asked the Franciscan friar if Christians all went to heaven. When told that they did not he said he would prefer to go to hell. Such is the fame and honor that God and our faith have earned through the Christians who have gone out to the indies. "

Back 4

Bortolome de las Casas

Front 5

The local Indians of what is today LA county are the ________________.

Back 5

Tongva/Gabrielenos

Front 6

In 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella took Granada and completed their reconquest of Spain. The reconquista was the Spanish term for :

Back 6

The European capture of the Iberian peninsula from Islamic moors.

Front 7

The capital of Mexico, or Aztec, empire was :

Back 7

Tenochitlan

Front 8

The cult of the virgin of Guadalupe is an example of religious __________.

Back 8

Syncretism

Front 9

Most modern archeologists would agree that the earliest inhabitants of the western hemisphere came from which continent?

Back 9

Asia

Front 10

The primary purpose of Columbus' voyage of 1492 was to :

Back 10

Establish a new quicker trade route to Asia.

Front 11

The staple of most pre Columbian civilizations was ____.

Back 11

Corn

Front 12

Hernan Cortes was responsible for the conquest of the

Back 12

Aztecs

Front 13

Largest pre-Columbian settlement in NA, located on the banks of the Mississippi River, was

Back 13

Cohokia

Front 14

Dona Maria was

Back 14

An Aztec woman with A key role in the conquest of Mexico

Front 15

About 15,000 years ago, which land bridge was used by migrants to cross between Siberia and Alaska?

Back 15

Bering Strait

Front 16

The mogollan, the hohokam , and the Anasazi peoples were NA cultures from which region of the US?

Back 16

Southwest

Front 17

Mestizo

Back 17

An individual of indigenous and European heritage

Front 18

The largest receiving area for African slaves in the New World was

Back 18

Brazil

Front 19

About ______ of enslaved Africans died during the "middle passage"

Back 19

10-15%

Front 20

At its peak in the 18th century, the Atlantic slave trade was dominated by the

Back 20

British

Front 21

The primary objective of mercantilism was to

Back 21

Enrich the nation through exports

Front 22

What transformed the Caribbean almost overnight in the 1640s?

Back 22

Sugar cultivation and processing

Front 23

Bortolome de las Casas believed Indian slavery:

Back 23

Should be abolished

Front 24

At the beginning of the Atlantic slave trade in the 16th century, the trade was dominated by the

Back 24

Portuguese and Spanish

Front 25

A forced migration

Back 25

Diaspora

Front 26

Who brought the first African slaves to Virginia in 1619?

Back 26

Dutch

Front 27

By the middle ages, elites in Europe valued slaves mostly :

Back 27

As status symbols

Front 28

Famous former slave who later became a prominent abolitionist in the 18th century

Back 28

Olaudah Equiano

Front 29

During the Atlantic slave trade roughly _____ million Africans were put on ships to Americas.

Back 29

11-12

Front 30

The united States abolished slavery in

Back 30

1865

Front 31

Protestant theologian who formulated the doctrine of predestination

Back 31

John Calvin

Front 32

Which three empires claimed parts of NA in the 16th century?

Back 32

France, Spain, and England

Front 33

The puritan belief that God was in control of history fueled a zeal to improve society. This belief is known as

Back 33

Predestination

Front 34

How did Virginians cope with the end of the tobacco boom in the 1630s and 1640s?

Back 34

They began to produce more corn and cattle.

Front 35

What is most likely the reason that Maryland granted religious toleration?

Back 35

It's catholic founders wished to provide a haven for catholics.

Front 36

Why did Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island, denounce the charter of the Massachusetts bay colony?

Back 36

The king had no right to grant land that he had not purchased from the natives.

Front 37

How did Chesapeake planters feel about the navigation acts?

Back 37

They chafed under them and considered them insufferable.

Front 38

The puritans migrated to NA mainly in search of

Back 38

Religious freedom

Front 39

Why did Opechancanough, the new leader of the Indian confederacy in the Chesapeake, coordinate an attack on Virginia's white settlements in 1622?

Back 39

He was concerned about the pressure on Native American land that the tobacco craze produced

Front 40

Turned Virginia into a viable economic asset by successfully cultivating tobacco in the 1610s

Back 40

John Rolfe

Front 41

The vast majority of immigrants to the Chesapeake in the 1600s came from which of the following parts of English society?

Back 41

The aristocracy

Front 42

What about Anne Hutchinson made authorities in Massachusetts uneasy in the 1630s?

Back 42

She explained the meaning of sermons to her neighbors and developed and elaborated on her own ideas.

Front 43

Which colony passed the act for religious toleration in 1649?

Back 43

Maryland

Front 44

Luther's primary critique of the church in 1517 was the practice of

Back 44

Selling indulgences

Front 45

Prior to bacon's rebellion, the labor force on Virginia's tobacco plantations was made up largely of?

Back 45

White indentured servants