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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Two most dominant physical features in the Middle East
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Deserts and Mountains
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Lifeblood of Egypt
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Nile River
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Floods to form the fertile crescent
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Tigris and Euphrates
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Land Between Rivers (aka)
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Mesopotamia a.k.a.Cradle of Civilization (where man established the first settlement
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Means deserts are growing
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desertification
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shortage of food and water
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scarcity
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using water to turn the desert green
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irrigation
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mixing water and fertilizer and forcing it in the ground to make the desert green
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fertigation
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taking salt out of water to make it usable
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desalination
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what is the middle east to asia africa and europe?
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crossroads
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who conquered the middle east?
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Persians
Greeks Romans |
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who did the romans kick out of the middle east
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jews
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dispersian of jews from their homeland
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diaspora
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after arabs gain control of the ME, christian Europeans attack them, to recover the holy land in what was known as
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the crusades
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ottoman empire ruled for over
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600 years
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who did the ottoman empire side with in ww1 and against who
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with germans
against British and french |
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ends fighting over the ottoman empires control of the ME
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Mudros Armistice
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Arabs promised independence by Britain and France in the
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Mcmahon-Hussein treaty
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arabs betrayed by british and france in the
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Sykes-Picot treaty
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Arabs still hate the
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West
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British and French interested in the ME because
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$$$ Trade
Oil Suez Canal |
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New term for colony when Brits and French take over ME
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Mandate
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calls for a jewish homeland in palestine
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Balfour Declaration
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Balfour Declaration starts
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Zionism
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European jews immigrate to palestine to escape
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Pogroms and the Holocaust
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jews outnumber thesse people in palestine after immigration
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Arabs
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England and france give up and give the ME
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independence
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these people split palestine into israel and palestine for the jews to have a homeland
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United Nations
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Arab nations attack newly israeli jews and these countrys help them defend themselves
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britian and france
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Palestinians flee palestine and become
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refugees
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this org. was created to represent the refugees
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PLO
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who was the president of eg7ypt during the suez crisis
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Nasser
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Britain France and israel invade egypt to keep canal open and usa and russia force them to withdraw
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sinai war
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who builds the aswan high dam for egypt
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russia
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Usa feared communism in the ME because of the
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Domino Theory
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syria jordan and egypt attack this country in 1967
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Israel
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israel wins in 6 days and takes the and takes
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the golan heights from syria
the west bank from jordan the sinai penninsula from egypt |
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these countries attack israel in 1973 to regain their land back
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syria jordan and egypt
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United nations negotiated a
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cease-fire
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USA punishes russia for invading by
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wheat embargo
boycotting the olympics |
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USA doesnt want the domino theory and these people taking over the oil in the ME
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Communists
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Camp David
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Begin and Sadat meet with Carter and make peace
Israel returns the Sinai penninsula to egypt |
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After sadat made peace with the west
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he got shot
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Shah
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Political monarch in iran
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iranians hated the shah because
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he brought modern ways and reformed iran
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islamic revolution occurs and the shah is replaced by
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Ayatollah Khomeini
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the shah was given asylum in the US so iran seizes
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the us embassy and 52 hostages
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this country threatens to invade jordan to get to the PLO
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israel
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PLO stands for
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Palestinian
Liberation Organization |
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Plo was founded by
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Yasser Arafat
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when the PLO was kicked out of jordan, the cause trouble in
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Lebanon
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in the iran iraq war, the USA sides with this country because the other country held their hostages
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Iraq
Iran |
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israel invades this country because the PLO went here after being kicked out of Jordan
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Lebanon
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militant uprising of PLO
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intifada
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US sends marines as peacekeepers to let this country pull out of Lebanon
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Israel
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How many US soldiers are killed in the marine barracks bombing in beirut?
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251
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iran contra affair is when
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we wanted to helped the Nicaragua contra rebels so we sold weapons to iran
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moderates helped americans retrieve seven hostages from
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pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon
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who took most of the blame for the Iran-Contra affair?
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Oliver North
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Intifada
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means uprising in arab
happend twice in '87 and '00 Palestine campaigns in occupied territories against israeli rule |
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who threatens to invade saudi arabia while invading kuwait?
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iraq in the persian gulf war
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desert shield
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US troops sent to stop invasion of saudi arabia
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desert storm
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US troops sent to invade kuwait and kick iraq out
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this country was environmentally destroyed from the war and saddam setting fire to the oil wells
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Kuwait
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Oslo peace accords
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rabin and arafat meet with clinton to stop violence and let palestine rule themselves
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why does US invade afghanistan? in october 2001
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response to 911 attacks
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taliban overthrown and these forces were killed
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Al Qaeda
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war on terrorism aka
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war in iraq
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war in iraq starts because of ties to al qaeda and allegal possesion of
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WMDs
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within one month,
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baghdad falls and saddam is captured
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in '05, iraq voted on two types of gov't but is still divided into
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Constitution/Parliament
Sunnis/Shiites/Kurds |
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Judaism was the first
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Monotheistic religion
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patriarch of all three ME religions
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Abraham
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agreement between abraham and god to believe only in one god and hebrews would flourish
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Divine Covenant
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Holy book of Judaism with the first five books of the old testament
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Torah
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4 main holidays of Judaism
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Yom Kippur
Rosh Hashannah Channukah Passover |
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Holy House of Jews
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Synagogue
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Holy rules of christians and jews
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10 commandments
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founder of christianity
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Jesus of Nazareth
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jesus was the
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Messiah
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holy book to christians
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Bible
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christians believe in
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Heaven
jesus is the son of god |
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jesus was this after three days dead
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ressurected
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islam means
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submission to god
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last and final prophet of god who got the word of allah from archangel gabriel
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Muhammed
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holy house of muslims with four corners
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mosque/minarets
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holy month of sacrifice
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Ramadan
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Arabic word for god
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Allah
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holy war of conversion
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Jihad
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birthplace of Muhammed
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Mecca
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first city to convert to islam
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Medina
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muslims believe in afterlife according to ones
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actions
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five pillars of islam
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allah is the only god
give alms to the poor observe ramadan pray five times a day hajj to Mecca |
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shiites vs sunnis
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shiites believe that a succesor to muhammed should be a blood relative
while sunnis believe he should be elected |
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islamic fundamentalism
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literal interpretation of the koran and not allowing western values
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divine chain of prophets
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abraham
moses david |
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sacred to all three religions
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jerusalem
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sacred structures in jerusalem
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Muslims- dome of the rock
Christians- church of the holy schelpture Jews- western wall |
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taliban ruled from '94-'01 in
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Afghanistan
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original leader of al qaeda
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Osama Bin Laden
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martyr
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someone who dies for their religion
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Muja Hadin
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freedom fighters on a jihad mostly fought against the russians
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Hamas
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Palestinian terrorist political party
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threats to women in the ME
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honor killings rediculous punishments FGM
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Arabs
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Arabian penninsula
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Palestinians
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Palestine
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Persians
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Iran
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Turks
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Turkey
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Israelis
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Israel (Europeans and arabs)
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Kurds
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Kurdistan
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OPEC
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70s inflation
80s deflation petroleum company |