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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aliyah
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literally "the act of going up" as in ascending to Jerusalem; term designates Jewish immigration to Palestine or Israel
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Ashkenazim
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Jews whose recent ancestors were of E European origin
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ayatollah
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title given to the most eminent Shi'a legal experts
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Bazaaris
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urban bazaar merchants of Iran
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capitulations
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commercial treaties b/w the Ottoman empire and states of W Europe granting Europeans favorable tariffs and extraterritorial privileges
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ijma
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consensus of legal scholars or of the muslim community regarding islamic law
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ijtihad
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informed human reason to decide matters of islamic law
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infitah
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"opening" - policy of economic liberalization introduced into Egypt in the 70s
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intifada
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to be "shaken off" - palestinian protest movement that began in 1987 against Israeli occupation of the W Bank and Gaza. 2nd intifada began sep. 2000
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Majlis
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council, parliament
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Marja al-Taqlid
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source of emulation; in Shi'ism, a learned scholar of Islamic law whose legal opinions are binding on all Muslims who have accepted him as their spiritual guide
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Mujtahid
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one who is recognized as competant to exercise ijtihad
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qiyas
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analogical reasoning or deduction based on quran or hadith, one of the sources of shar'iah
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salafiyyah
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"ancestor" - pious muslims who lived at the time of the prophet and the rashidun. also a 20th c. reform movement calling for return to principles followed by ancestors
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salat
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obligatory muslim ritual prayer, one of the 5 pillars
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sawm
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fasting - Ramadan
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sephardim
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jews whose ancestors came from Spain, later loosely applied to "oriental jews from ME and N Africa to distinguish them from ashkenazim
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shahadah
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proclamation of faith
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shahanshah
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king of kings, ancient iranian concept of all-powerful monarch
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sharif
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those claiming direct descent from Muhammad
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shaykh
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tribal leader, head of religious order, elder
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shaykh al-Islam
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head of islamic religious establishment during ottoman empire
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sultan
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means power, authority. political title distinct from caliph
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sunnah
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custom, the way of the prophet
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sura
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chapter in the quran
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ulama
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members of the islamic religious establishment
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ummah
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community of believers - universal islamic community
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vilayat-i faqih
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exercise of governmental authority by a jurist; part of the constitution of the islamic republic of iran
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waqf
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donation to charity
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yishuv
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name for Jewish community in Palestine prior to 1948
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zakat
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fixed share of income all muslims pay as an alms tax, one of 5 pillas
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