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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Influence of French St. Simonians
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-Count Claude de St.Simon (1760- 1825)political economosit who advocated utopian socialism and technological adventures which needed money and long term investment
- experimental with ideology, they believed Ali was an enlightened despot - Ferdinand de Lesseps built the Suez canal (tried to build the panama canal too) - laid foundation for egypt becoming indebted to foreign powers because of failing projects (allowed for British reconquest of Egypt) |
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Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703-1792)
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- led an arab reformist-islamist movement
- his name means son of the slave of God the giver - opposes worship of Sufi(mystiques), saints and veneration of their shrine - called for a purity of Islam under the Arab ancestors (Rashidun Caliphs) - no intercessor between believer and God (not even the prophet) - called Unitarians (Muwahhidun - one only) - SALAFIYYA - movement is called this because Salif means ancestor (Islam of the ancestors) |
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Battle of Navarino (1827)
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- naval battle during the Greek War for Independence
- Navies of Russia, France and Britain defeated the the Sultan and Ali's navy (almost ended the war) - also signaled to Ali the importance of a Navy and the weakness of the Sultan which led him to invade Syria in 1831 - also led to the rapprochement of Egypt (ALI) and France |
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Amir Bashir Shihab II (1788- 1841)
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- the ruler of the Shihabs who ruled Mt. Lebanon from 1697-1842
- Napoleon asked for his help but he refused - Ali asked for his help in invading Syria and he agreed (potential ally) - he also converted to Maronite |
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Suez Canal
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- Concession given to Ferdinand de Lesseps
- work started in 1859, Sultan granted approval in 1866, finished in 1869 - grand opening- Eugenie (wife of Napoleon III), Emile Zola (defended Dreyfus 1899), Franz Josef (Austrio-Hungarian emperor, Verdi (wrote opera for the opening - AIDA) - cost 11.5 million and 1 million for opening (created debt to europe) - egypt had 177,642 shares of the stock (Britain bought them in 1875) - concession of the canal for 99 years (Nasser nationalized it in 1956 as opposed to 1968) - also in 1910 the british suggested extending it another 40 years (butros gali was PM and he put it through the assembly but he was assassinated by a nationalist) |
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Dinshaway incident (1906)
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-British troops were shooting pigeons and accidentally shot a woman
- the troops were killed - those responsible were killed on the spot - this was important because it was one of the reasons for all of the political activity in 1907 |
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Balfour Declaration
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- November 2, 1917
- Sir Arthur Balfour committed Britain to creating a jewish home in Palestine - led to a British mandate to complete the Balfour Declaration - shortly after the Zionist movement, led by Theodore Herzel, in Basle, Switzerland (1897) |
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White Paper
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- 1939
- declared jewish self rule in 10 years - limited number of immigrants to 15,000 a year (or 75,000 over 5 years - this met unrest because Jews were upset over the Nazi atrocities and they attacke British officials? - limitation of purchase of land - the US had rescinded it in 1942 under the Biltmore Program - the British eventually sent it to the UN in 1947 - |
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Biltmore program
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- American Zionist movement which met at the Biltmore Hotel in New York (May 1942)
- rescinded the white paper and made Palestine a jewish commonwealth - they were upset over the Nazi atrocities - first time the US was involved |
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Theodore Herzel
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- father of Zionism
- led the world zionist movement which first started in Basle Switzerland 1897 - they want a state - wrote a book in German (The Jewish State) - the movement went to London and was headed by CHAIM WEIZMAN, who eventually became the first president of Israel |
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Dreyfus Affair
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- 1894
- He was arrested for treason (accused of giving papers to germany) - convicted, discharged and exiled - cries of anti-semitism - Emile Zola came to his defense -exonerated in 1906 |
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Lord Byron
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- fought and died for in the Greek War for Independence (1821-1830)
- died at the age of 36 in 1824 - Europe was in transition from classicism to Romanticism - Romanticism - exalts the individual and stands for a cause - Keats(25),Shelby(30), Pushkin(38) all died young |
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Coffee
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- along with Timber(navy), Tobacco, cotton and silk - was one of the reasons for Ali's invasion of Syria
- Came from Ethiopia into Yemen in 1500 - Sufis used it to help them stay awake and listen to God - spread from the seaport of MUKHA (mocha) all the way through Europe in 1700 - opposed by Ottomans in the 17th century because of its effects |
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TAHTAWI
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- chaplan who went to France with a student mission in 1826
- noticed the decipherment of hieroglyphics - revolution of 1830 finally brought Louis Philippe to power - came back and was in charge of language, he pushed for education of women |
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Sir Evelyn Baring
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- aka Lord Cromer
- appointed as agent and consul general in Egypt (1883-1907) - his retirement helped to lead to egyptian political activity in 1907 |
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King Crane Commission
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- Wilson's 14 points: including self determination
- the commission sent to ascertain wishes of the people (June- July 1919) - Syria would accept mandate by US or Britain but not France - inclusion of Palestine into a united Syrian State - saw the new Zionist movement as eventual problem - France and Britain ignored it (it was shelved until publication in 1922) - San Remo agreement (april 25, 1920) - France was given mandate over Syria and Lebanon, Britain mandate over Iraq and Palestine - incorporated treaty of Sevres (August 10, 1920) |
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Husay-McMahon Correspondence
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- July 1915 - March 1916
- Husayn was in control of the Hijaz (holy places) - Sir Henry McMahon - they wanted to destroy the Hijaz railway established by the Germans to cut of German and Ottoman troops in the region - Husayn demanded freedom of Iraq, Syria and Arabia - British agreed but with vague reservations of borders - also appointed Husayn Caliph - eventually led to the arab revolt (june 10, 1916) - Faysal and T.E Lawrence destroyed the Hijaz Railway |
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Sykes-Picot agreement
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- May 16, 1916
- between Mark Sykes and Georges Picot - Britain and France (and Russia) were dividing up the region - division of the fertile crescent - redrew territory and created states for the first time - there was also a t reaty between arabs and russia - it would eventually help lead to San Remo agreement (april 25, 1920) - reaffirmed the Sykes Picot Agreement |
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Arab Revolt (June 10, 1916)
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- Faysal (arab) and TE Lawrence destroy Hijaz Railway and cut off german and ottoman forces in Arabia
- General Allenby leads British and Arab forces (occupy Damascus September 27, 1918) - French occupy Beirut - Ottomans withdraw from Syria (November12, 1918) - Arab government in Damascus (1918-1920) - Armistice of Mudros ended hostilities between ottomans and everyone else (October 30, 1918) |
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Treat of Sevres
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- August 10, 1920
- Treaty between ottoman sultan and allies (not Mustafa Kemal and his turkish movement) - incorporated San Remo Agreement (april 25, 1920) - Italy have zone of influence in ADALIA, France in CILICIA - Greece was given Thrace up to straits by international commission - armenian and kurdish problems unresolved - Kemal's victory forced them to re-evaluate and sign a new treaty at LAUSANNE |
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Treaty of Lausanne
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- July 24, 1923
- after Mustafa Kemal consolidated power (defeated greeks 3 times, treaty with Italy, France and Britain, defeated Sultan, rallied support of troops) - Thrace was divided between Greece and Turkey (they got Edirne) - Straits given back to Turkey but open to all - Mosuc given to Iraq in 1925 - Hagia Sophia turned into a museum |