Middle East History Test 2

Front 1

Koprulu

Back 1

Family of the Ottoman Vezirs

Front 2

Bosporus

Back 2

Straits Connecting the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara

Front 3

Dardanelles

Back 3

Straits connecting the Aegean to the Sea of Marmara

Front 4

Pan-Slavism

Back 4

Movement to unite all the Slavs, Esp under Russian Leadershiip

Front 5

Crimean War

Back 5

Conflict among powers with imperial interests in the Middle East (britain france, ottomans, def russia)

Front 6

Russo-Turkish War

Back 6

Conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in which the latter lost land in Anatolia and the Balkans

Front 7

Treaty of San Stefano

Back 7

Abortive Russo-Turkish treaty in Feb 1878 that would have strengthened russia's position in the Balkans

Front 8

Treaty of Berlin

Back 8

Peace settlement of the Russo-Turkish War, signed in aug of 1878 and replacing the san stefano treaty

Front 9

Suez Canal

Back 9

Man made canal between the Mediterranean and Red seas

Front 10

Circassian

Back 10

Native of the Caucus region of the Black Sea

Front 11

Fertile Crescent

Back 11

Modern term for the lands extending from the eastern Mediteranean via Syria and Mesopotamia, to the gulf

Front 12

Hijaz

Back 12

Mountainous area of western arabia

Front 13

Selim III

Back 13

Ottoman reforming sultan at the end of the 1700s

Front 14

Abdulmejid I

Back 14

Ottoman Sultan 1839-1861

Front 15

Reshid, Mustafa

Back 15

Westernizing ottoman reformer in the early tanzimat era

Front 16

Pan-Islam

Back 16

Idea or movement calling for unity of all Muslims, promoted by some Ottoman sultans and some muslim leaders

Front 17

Qajar Dynasty

Back 17

Family of Turkic origin ruling Persia

Front 18

Tehran

Back 18

Capital of Persia/Iran since 1794

Front 19

Pan-Arabism

Back 19

Movement to unite all the arabs in one state

Front 20

Khedive

Back 20

Title of egypt's viceroy

Front 21

al-afghani, jamal al-din?

Back 21

Influential pan-islamic agitator and reformer

Front 22

National Party

Back 22

Egyptian movement seeking independe nce from foreign control, led by Urabi in 1881-1882 and by Mustafa Kamil in 1895-1908

Front 23

Cromer, Lord

Back 23

British consul in Egypt, a financial reformer who was resented by Egyptian nationalists

Front 24

Abbas II

Back 24

Egypt's viceroy 1892-1914

Front 25

Ottomanism

Back 25

Identification with the Ottoman Empire, encouraged bye early westernizers

Front 26

Abdulhamid II

Back 26

Ottoman sultan who advocated pan-islam and opposed constitutional government

Front 27

Enver

Back 27

Young Turk revolutionary leader

Front 28

Talat

Back 28

Most influential young Turk leader

Front 29

Jemal

Back 29

Youg Turk leader and governor of Syria (1915-1918)

Front 30

Pan-Turanism

Back 30

Movement to unite all peoples speaking Turkic languages

Front 31

Nasiruddin, Shah

Back 31

Qajar ruler (1848-1896)

Front 32

Majlis

Back 32

Iran's bicameral legislature

Front 33

Syrian Protestant College

Back 33

American University of Beirut up to 1920

Front 34

Al-Kawakibi

Back 34

Arab nationalist writer

Front 35

Ottoman Decentralization Party

Back 35

liberal political movement favored by modern arab nationalists before WWI

Front 36

Al-Ahd

Back 36

Nationalist secret society of Arab officers in the Ottoman army before and during WWI

Front 37

Berlin-to-Bagdad Railway

Back 37

Projected rail line that, if completed, would have enhanced Germany's power int eh Ottoman Empire before WWI

Front 38

Abdallah (son of Husayn)

Back 38

Participant in Arab Revolt and amir of Transjordan

Front 39

Kitchener, Lord

Back 39

Commander of Anglo-Egyptian army that retook the Sudan, who later became British consul-general in egypt

Front 40

McMahon, Henry

Back 40

British high commissioner in Egypt, who initiated the Husayn-McMahon correspondance

Front 41

Faysal I (son of Husayn)

Back 41

King of Saudi Arabia (1964-1975)

Front 42

Lawrence, T. E.

Back 42

AKA lawrence of arabia, British intelligence officer who aided the Arab Revolt; gifted writer and advocate of Arab nationalism

Front 43

Chaim Weizmann

Back 43

British Zionist leader who helped to obtain the Balfour Declaration; Israel's first president

Front 44

Zionist

Back 44

believer in zionism

Front 45

Zionism

Back 45

Nationalist ideology stressing solidarity of the Jewish people. Movement to create or maintain a Jewish state, especially in palestine/israel

Front 46

Fourteen Points

Back 46

President wilson's plan to settle issues that had caused WWI, calling for self determination of all peoples

Front 47

San Remo Conference

Back 47

1920 conference in which Britain and France decided on the mandate borders

Front 48

Mandate

Back 48

created the borders of palastine

Front 49

Ibn Sa'ud

Back 49

Arab leader who conquered most of the Arabian Peninsula between 1902 adn 1930 and ruler of saudi arabia (1932-1953), also called Abd al-Aziz ibn Abd at-Rahman

Front 50

Sa'ud Dynasty

Back 50

Arab family of Najd suporting Wahhabi doctrines since the rain of Muhammad ibn Sa'ud (1746-1765; rulers of most of the arabian peninsula durring the twentieth century

Front 51

Mudros Armistace

Back 51

Signified the formal surrender of the Ottomans to the allies in WWI (oct 1918)

Front 52

Eleutherios, Venizelos

Back 52

Greek prime minister during the invasion of anatolia and strong advocate of a greater Greece

Front 53

Grand National Assembly

Back 53

Representative legislature of the Turkish republic

Front 54

Lausanne, Treaty of

Back 54

treaty between turkey and its allies in WWI, replecing the treaty of sevres

Front 55

Republican People's Party

Back 55

Liberal Turkish party founded by Kemal Ataturk in 1923

Front 56

Welfare Party

Back 56

Islamist party that won a plurality of seats in Turkey's 1995 elections and led a coalition government until 1997

Front 57

Anglo Persian Oil Company

Back 57

Firm holding petroleum exploration, drilling, and refining rights to iran; renamed anglo-iranian oil company; nationalized by Mosaddiq in 1951

Front 58

Trans-Iranian Railway

Back 58

Line linking the Caspian Sea nad the Gulf, built under Reza Shah

Front 59

Mosaddiq, Mohammad

Back 59

Iranian nationalist prime minister who nationalzed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and was later ousted i a coub engineered by the shah, the british, and the CIA

Front 60

White Revolution

Back 60

Broad reform program proclaimed by Iran's shah in 1963

Front 61

SAVAK

Back 61

Iran's secret police under Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi

Front 62

Wahhabi

Back 62

Puritanical Muslim sect founded by Muhhamad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, now dominant in Saudi Arabia

Front 63

Ibn Sa'ud

Back 63

Arab leader who conquered most of the Arabian peninsula between 1902 and 1930 and ruler of Saudi Arabia

Front 64

Aramco

Back 64

Arabian American oil company, which developed the petroleum industry in Saudi arabia

Front 65

Zaghlul, Sa'ud

Back 65

Egyptian nationalist leader

Front 66

Wafd

Back 66

Unofficial Egyption delegation to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. Egypts main nationalist party from 1923 to 1952, revived in 1978

Front 67

Muslim Brothers

Back 67

Political group, strong in egypt and in several other Arab countries, calling for an Islamic political and social system and opposing Western power and cultural influences

Front 68

Arab League

Back 68

Arab states' political association, founded in 1945