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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Franks
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Germanic tribe, many converted to Christianity, led by Clovis and later, Charlemagne
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Clovis
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King of the Franks, converted to Christianity
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Charles mantel
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Charlemagne’s grandfather; won many battles against Muslims
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Charlemagne
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led the Franks; crowned emperor of the new Roman Empire
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Treaty of Verdun
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treaty that divided Charlemagne’s empire among his grandsons after his death
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Vikings
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Scandinavian sailors; extremely feared for their sporadic raids
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Valkries
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Norse (Viking) legendary creature; decides who will win a battle
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Feudalism
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social system where vassals got land from their lords in return for military service
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Bourgeoisie
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Upper level of the new middle class; consisted of artisans and tradesmen
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Fief
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land granted by lord
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Primogeniture
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eldest son inherits the goods
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Chivalry
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the code of conduct for knights
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Hierarchy
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a system of social rankings
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Knighting
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knights swore an oath of loyalty to their lords
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Castles
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fortresses where royalty or nobles lived.
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Castle defenses
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round shape, moats, drawbridge, catapult
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Castle offenses
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Catapults, oil, bow/arrow
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Manorialism
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social system much like feudalism, but was based around large estates called manors
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3 field system
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3 fields were maintained: 2 used, 1 left idle; the beginning of crop rotation
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Church
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at many times the church was the government; churches were places of worship
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St. Benedict
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Italian saint, formed the Benedictine Rule- strict guidelines for religious dedication
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Franciscans
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monks that followed the Rule of St. Francis
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Dominicans
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followers of a religious order founded by St. Dominic
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Abbey of Cluny
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Abbey where monks originally returned to following Benedictine Rule
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Salvation
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saving of your sole after death, basically going to heaven
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7 sacraments
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Baptism, Eucharist, Reconciliation, Confirmation, Marriage, Holy Orders, and Last Rights
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Excommunication/interdiction
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rejection from the church; takes away your salvation; used as punishment
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Hanseatic League
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traders that serviced the Germanic cities
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Craft/merchant Guilds
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much like unions, it was a group of artisans that trained apprentices and sold their goods
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Romanesque
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Roman architecture; domes, arches
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Gothic
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architecture style; flying buttress arches, much taller buildings
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Dante
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wrote The Divine Comedy
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Aquinas
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Scholar; thought people could learn through experimenting; Scholasticism
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Roger Bacon
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Summa Theologica: faith and reason come from god
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Crusades (I,III,IV)
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A series of wars carried out by European Christians to take the Holy Land
I- took Jerusalem in 1099, killed Jews, Muslims, Christians alike III- Richard the Lionhearted fought Saladin, Saladin is victorious IV- Crusaders attacked a Christian port so they were all excommunicated; they decided not to attack Jerusalem, but instead raided and took over Constantinople |
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Pope Urban II
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called upon Christians to fight first Crusade
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Saladin
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Muslim sultan; fought to drive Christians from the Holy Land
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Norman Conquest
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William the Conqueror took the throne by force, then turned England over to the feudal system
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William the Conqueror
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King of England that brought Feudalism to England; was also a powerful French noble
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Magna Carta
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Made it so that the King didn’t have all the power; introduced parliament, and stated that the king wasn’t above the law.
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King John
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tried taxing the nobles who rebelled and created the Magna Carta
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King Henry II
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great grandson of William the Conqueror, married Eleanor of Aquitaine
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Runnymede
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a meadow next to the River Thames, notable for being the location of the sealing of the Magna Carta
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Model parliament
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the parliament under Edward I; included nobles, clergy members, and representatives from every town in England
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Capetian Kings
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French noble family that rose to power and conquered almost all of modern France
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Lay investiture
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When bishops were appointed by the government
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Simony
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the buying and selling of church offices
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Concordat of Worms
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an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, removed the Emperor’s divine authority to appoint church officials
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Pope Gregory VII
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asserted the churches power to appoint bishops; excommunicated Henry IV because he wished these powers for himself
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Pope Gregory the Great
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restored monastic discipline
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Black Death
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a plague spread by rats and fleas that wiped out 1/3-1/2 of Asia and Europe
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Arts
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gothic architecture, illumination, tapestry, epics, romances, and fables
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Science
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alchemy, experimentational research
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Scholasticism
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Christian teachings were also knowable and provable through the use of logic and reason
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Vernacular
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a language from a particular region
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Early Universities
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Bologna, Oxford, and Paris
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Italy
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controlled most trade, among the first European areas to build thriving trade economies
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Germany
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Hanseatic league controlled most trade between Europe, Russia, and the Baltic regions
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Banquet terms
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Jester, Troubadour-sang, panter-protected lord’s bread, steward, carver-cut the food, ewer-jug of washing water
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Canterbury
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Taken over by William the Conqueror, Contains part of the Roman Wall
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Richard the lionhearted
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King of England that thought Saladin during the third crusade
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