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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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R.E.M |
Rapid eye movement |
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Consciousness |
A persons experience of their mental awareness; including current sensations, perceptions. memories and feelings. |
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Manifest content |
The surface, "visible" content of a dream; dream images as they are remembered by the dreamer |
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Regression |
Any return to an earlier, more infantile behaviour pattern |
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Free association |
In psychoanalysis, the technique of having a client say anything that comes to mind, regardless of how embarrassing or unimportant it may seem. |
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Anal retentive and example |
Comes from an anxiety about toilet training during the anal stage according to freud (age 2-3). It comes from learning to 'hold in', and causes someone to be excessively clean, organised, hoarder, stubborn, and stingy. eg Sybil |
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Latent content |
The hidden or symbolic meaning of a dream, as revealed by dream interpretation and analysis |
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Wish fulfilment |
Freudian belief that the content of many dream reflects unfulfilled desires that cannot be consciously expressed. |
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Superego |
in freudian theory, an internalisation of parental values and societal standards (internalised parent) |
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Repression |
Unconciously pushing out or barring from awareness unwanted memories |
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Id |
According to Freud, the most primitive part of the personality, which remains unconscious supplies energy to other parts of the psyche and demands immediate gratification (the baby- based on pleasure) |
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Paranoia |
Involves feelings of persecution and exaggerated sense. |
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Reality principle |
the principle by which the ego functions, involving delaying action (or pleasure) until it is appropriate. |
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Hierarchy of needs |
A rank ordering of needs based on their presumed strength or potency |
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Mania |
The mood of an abnormally evaluated arousal energy level. Elevated irritability is common along with behaviour that seems on the surface to be the opposite depression |
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Self- actualisation |
The ongoing process of fully developing ones personal potential |
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CBT |
Cognitive behavioral therapy- the use of learning principles to change that maladaptive thoughts, beliefs and feelings that underlie emotional and behavioural problems |
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Fixation |
in freudian theory, lasting conflicts developed during a particular psychosexual stage as a result of frustration or overindulgence |
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Agoraphobia |
persons fear that something extremely embarrassing will happen to them if they leave thee house or enter unfamiliar situations. |
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EEG |
Electroencephalography- a device designed to detect, amplify, and record electrical activity in the brain |
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Obsessions |
Reccuring irrational or disturbing thoughts or mental image a person cannot prevent |
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Defense mechanisms |
Habitual and often unconcious psychological strategies used to avoid or reduce anxiety |
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Lobotomy |
Although this is not done much at all anymore (if at all), Lobotomy (also known as a Prefrontal Lobotomy) is a procedure that was once used to reduce uncontrollably violent or emotional people- Brain surgery that destroy brain tissues to change a persons behaviour. |
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ECT |
Electroconvulsive therapy- a medical treatment for severe depression, consisting of an electric shock passed directly through the brain, which produces a convulsion. |
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Concepts relating to Freud |
Personality- Id, ego, superego psychosexual stages of development psychodynamic theory |
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Concepts relating to Jung |
student of freud who better developed his theory. suggested that actions of the ego reflect attitudes of introversion or extroversion the personal unconcious (mental storehouse- experiences, feelings and memories) collective unconscious (mental storehouse- unconscious ideas and images, contains archetypes) Archetypes (original ideas, images and patterns) |
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Archetypes |
according to Jung we all previously had experience with death, rebirth, birth, etc. causing us to react emotionally to images of the like- these images are archetypes. |
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Concepts relating to Maslow |
Hearty of needs founder of humanistic psychology |
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Psychodynamic approach |
Freudian- Id, ego, and superego. helps in Developing the ego. one part is in charged (superego)- to stop this; dreams, hypnotherapy. anything where the superego is relaxed and allows others to come out. refers to internal motives, conflicts, unconcious forces, other dynamics |
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Humanistic |
Self- actualisation. focuses on human experience, problems, potentials and ideals. The use of learning principles make constructive changes in behaviour emphasises subjective, human probe, and personal potentials. carl rogers regarded emotional disorders as the end product of a faulty self- image |
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Behavioural |
The use of learning principles to make constructive changes in behaviour. Emphasis overt, observable behaviour and the effects of learning and conditioning. Behaviourists assume that the 'symptoms' we have discussed are learned, just as other behaviours are. |
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Cognitive |
distorted thinking causes people to magnify ordinary threats and failures, which leads to distress. |
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How do psychologists determine abnormal behaviour |
Psychopathology- scientific study of meantal, emotional, and behavioural disorders. they must meet the criteria for standards of acceptibility.- Unjustifiable, maladaptive, atypical, and disturbing 'Situational context' must be evaluated before someone can be considered abnormal |
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How to classify personality disorders |
Subjective discomfort (anxiety, depression, or other signs of emotional distress. statistical abnormality- scoring very high or low on some dimensions, such as intelligence social non- conformity- disobeying social standards of acceptability, conduct |
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difference between Neurosis and psychosis |
Neurosis- disorders that are related to the nervous system, this is usually anxiety related issues, such as; depression, dissociative disorders, stomatoform Psychosis- severe mental disorder where the patient experience a loss of reality, generally do not know what is real and what is not experience; hallucination, delusions, and social withdrawal. this includes ilness such as schizophrenia. |
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Characteristics/symptoms of schizophrenia |
- delusuions - hallucinations - apathy - thinking abnormalities - a "split" between thought and emotion emotions may become blunted or inappropriate 3 major sub-types: disorganised, cataconic, paraniod |
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Characteristics/symptoms of OCD |
distressing thoguhts feeling compelled to perform certain behaviours experience obsessions and compulsions |
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Characteristics/symptoms of Bipolar I |
extreme mania- loud elated, hyperactive, grandiose, and energetic Deep depression |
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Characteristics/symptoms of Bipolar II |
Mostly sad and guit ridden (deep depression) one or more mild mania episodes (hypomania) |
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Characteristics/symptoms of anorexia nervosa |
devestating weight loss from self inflicted dieting compulsive attempts to loose weight body weight below 85% of the normal for age and weight denial of seriousness of abnormally low body weight intense fear of gaining weight disturbance in ones body image or perceived weight self evaluation unduly influenced by body weight absence of menstrual periods purging behavior |
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Characteristics/symptoms of DID |
- presence of two or more separate identities or personality states |
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Characteristics/symptoms of paranoia |
delusions of persecution, unwarranted jealousy or exaggerated self-importance typically worked into an organised system |
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Characteristics/symptoms of Generalised anxiety |
excessively anxious and worried for atleast 6 months sweating heart racing clammy hands upset stomach irritability dizziness rapid breathing poor concentration |
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Characteristics/symptoms of Major depression |
only goes down emotionally everything looks bleak and hopeless feelings of failure, sinfulness, worthlessness and total despair extremely subdued or withdrawn and may be intensely suicidal |
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Main concpets in a beautiful mind |
a man who has schizophrenia. He in intensely paranoid that he is being chased down by agents of a secret force. sounds a lot like paranoid schizophrenia drugs did not help as he did not believe he should be taking them and didn't figured out on his own that they could not be real- little girl did not grow up, etc. soon learned to manage them and live a normal life |
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Sybil |
young girl who suffered from DID and became anal retentive due to actions of her schizophrenic mother and quiet father |
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Genetic basis |
schizophrenia, bipolar, anti social personality disorder, and if they don not appear to they most likely have been researched enough. Some may be genetically inherited but do not come out until environmental influences. things that bring out personality disorders in life: envionmental influences-srugs and external hormonal stresses hormail stresses and genetics are usually due to chemical imbalances in the brain. |
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Forms of therapy |
treatment- psychotherapy and medical therapies psycotherapy- treatmets fro emotional behavioural problems. therapists: patient talking Medical therapies: hospitalisation and prescribing drugs to performing brain surgery usually balances out the unbalance of brain chemical brain chemistry |
