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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"having knowledge"; the process of observing and studing things in our world.
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Science
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The studying of Earth, its matter, and the processes taht form and change the Earth
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Geology
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The study of objects in space, including stars, planets, and comets
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Astronomy
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The use of scientific discoveries
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technology
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The study of weather and the forces and the processes that cause it.
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Meteorology
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The study of the earth's oceans.
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oceanography
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name the four general areas of science.
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1.Biology 2.earth science
3.Chemistry 4.physics |
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What is it that the study of science allows us to do?
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to make new discoveries
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what makes humans special as compared to other creatures(technology)
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we are the only things on earth that can change our surroundings to fit our needs
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Many methods one can useto find solutions to problems.
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Strategy
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A process that uses certain skills to solve problems?
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Scientific methods
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A "rule of nature" that describes the behavior of something in nature?
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law
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A measure of gravitational force.
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weight
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A measure of the amount of matter in an object
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mass
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A measure of how much sapce an object occupies.
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volume
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A standard of comparison
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control
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Name the seven steps of the scientific method
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1.state the problem 2.make hypothesis 3.test hypothesis
4.analize your results 5.draw conclussion 6.form theory 7.form law |
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give the difference b/t a theory and a law
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a law is a rule of nature and a theory is an explanation backed by results
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what is:
MASS: TEMPERTURE: VOLUME: |
mass:kilogram temp:kelvin
volume:cubic meter |
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Many methods you can use to find solutions to problems
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problem solvings
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a prediction about a problem that van be tested
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hypothesis
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expain the difference b/t area and volume
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area is the measurement of how big something is
and volume is the measurement of how wide something is |
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A standard of comparison
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control
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Name the seven steps of the scientific method
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1.state the problem 2.make hypothesis 3.test hypothesis
4.analize your results 5.draw conclussion 6.form theory 7.form law |
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give the difference b/t a theory and a law
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a law is a rule of nature and a theory is an explanation backed by results
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what is:
MASS: TEMPERTURE: VOLUME: |
mass:kilogram temp:kelvin
volume:cubic meter |
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Many methods you can use to find solutions to problems
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problem solvings
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a prediction about a problem that van be tested
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hypothesis
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expain the difference b/t area and volume
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area is the measurement of how big something is
and volume is the measurement of how wide something is |
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Matter containing only one type of matter
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elements
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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matter
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Describes how one substance changes when it reacts with other substances
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chemical properties
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Particles that have a postive charge
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protons
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Atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons in thier nuclei are called
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isotope
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Why does an atom have an overall neutral charge
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because neutrons have no charge and protons have a postive charge and electrons have a negtive charge making everthing balance
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Mass number
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is the number of protons and neutrons
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atomic number`
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number of protons
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A measure of the mass of the object divided by its vlume
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density
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an instrument in which no electricity is wasted because ther is no resistance to the flow of electricity
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superconductors
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The properties that you can observe without changing a sustance into a new substance
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physical propertis
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Unit measurement for density
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g/cm3
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four state of matter
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solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
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Most of the matter in the universe is what state
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plasma
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What happens when you change the number of neutrons in an element
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an isotope is formed
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A type of matter that has properties different from the properties of each of the elements
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compoud
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The number of protons in the nucleus
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atomic number
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What three things affect changes in the state of matter
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their attraction between their atoms; The rate of movement; and pressure
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Minerals containing silicon, oxygen and one or more other elements
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silicates
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A naturally occuring organic solid
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mineral
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The property of a mineral that show the color of its powder is called
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streak
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The property of a mineral that cause it to break in a smooth, flat plane
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clevage
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The property of a mineral that cause it to break with rough or jagged edges
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fracture
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Minerals that can be mined at a profit
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ores
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a repeating pattern of atoms
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crystal
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how light is reflected from a minerals surface
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luster
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a measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
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hardness
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t/f
The German scientist Francis Mohs Scale of hardness |
false
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t/f
minerals are formed by natural processes |
true
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t/f
there are six major crystal systems |
true
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t/f
Silicon and obsidian are the two most abundant elements in the Earth's crust |
false
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A mineral with threadlike, flexible fibers (fire proof)
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asbestoes
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t/f
the curly type of fibers of asbestos are less dangerous than the straight type of fibers |
true
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t/f
The value of a mineral remains unchaged ever if the supply or demand for the mineral changes |
true
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Shows how one changes into another
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rock cycle
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a mixture of minerals, minerloids, glass, or organic matter
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rock
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Rock formed when molten material from a volcano or down deep inside Earth cools
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igneous rock
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Rock formed when molten material from a volcan or from deep inside Earth cools
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igneous rock
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Igenous rock that is dense, heavy, and dark colored
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Basaltic
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Igenous rock that forms below the Earths Surface
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Intrusive
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Ingenous Rock that has a mineral compostion between granite and basaltic
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Andesitic
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Igneous rock that is light-colored and has a lower density than basaltic
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granitic
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Ingeous rock from lava that cools on the Earth's surface
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extrusive
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The most abunndant type of rock on the earth
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Itneous rocks
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Rocks that have changed due to temperature and pressure increases or undergo changes in compostion
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metamorphic rock
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Rocks in which the mineral grains change gro and rearrange bu they do not form band
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nonfoliated
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Loose materials such as rock fragments mineral grains and bits of plant and animal remain that have been transported
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sediments
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Pressure from the upper layers pushes down on the lower layers the layers stick together and fprm rock solid
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compaction
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The method of removing coal when it is near the earth's surface
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strip mine
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Rocks in which the mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel bands
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folliated
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Process by large sediments are cemented together
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sementation
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What is the class of seidmentary rock made of brokern plant an animal segments
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clastic
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What kind of sedimentary rock is made from the remains of onnce living things
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organic
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What type of sedimentary rock is formed from minerlas preciptated from a solution or are left behind when a solution evaporated
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chemical
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Rocks that have changed due to temperature and pressure increases or undergo changes in compostion
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metmorphic
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t/f
Rock salt is chemical seimentary rock |
true
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t/f
magma is molten material that is inside the earth |
true
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t/f
Each type of rock cannot change or be changed into another type if rock |
false
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t/f
extrusive rocka are formed when lava cools on the Earth's surface |
true
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Name the two classe of metamorophic rock
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foliated
nonfoliated |
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Name the three classes of Igneous rocks
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Basaltic
Granitic Andesitic |
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Name the three classes of sedimentary rocks
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clastic
chemical organic |
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Whic class of igenous rock is rich in silicon and oxygen
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granite
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The term used to describe the breaking of rocks into smaller fragments
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weathering
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Occurs when a metal is exposed to oxygen and water
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oxidation
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A mixture of rock and organic matter
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soil
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the dark-colored organic matter made of pices of decay8ing plants
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humus
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Occurs when water freezes in cracks, expands, and roces the rock apart
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iced wedgeing
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the process by which minerals are dissolbed in water and carried down in a soil profile
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leaching
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weathering taht breaks apart rock without changing thier chemical compostion
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mechanical weathering
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Weathering that occusrs when water, air, and other substance react wit the minerals in rocks
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chemical weathering
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The different layers of soil make up what is called a
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soil profile
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t/f
tree roots that break up a sidewalk is an example of mechanical weathering |
true
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t/f
Water is the main agent of chemical weathering |
true
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t/f
oxidation is a type of mechanical weathering |
false
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t/f
Weathered rock is constantly evolving into soil |
true
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t/f
Soil profiles are the same everywhere on Earth |
false
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Occurs when dry unprotected surface reflects away much of the sun's heat
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desertification
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the process in which minerals are dissolved in water and carried down in a soil profile
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leaching
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The term given to eahc layer in the soil profile
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horizon
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