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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the key differences between "families" and other social groups?
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1) They span multiple generations
2)Many of the members are genetically linked 3)The only institution that everyone (entire human race) belongs to |
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Family of Orientation
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the family an individual is born into and/or raised in
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Family of Procreation
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occurs when a man and woman have children of their own
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Single-Parent Family
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occurs when either a mother or a father raises a child or children of their own without the help of a spouse or other parent
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Bi-Nuclear Family
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begins as an intact nuclear family unit and then breaks apart due to separation or divorce. These families span two sperate households.
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What is the difference between a "Step-Family" and a "Blended Family"?
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Step Family:one or both partners bring children from a prevous relationship into a new cohabiting relationship or marriage.
Blended Family: the couple (in a step family) has their own biological child |
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What is the difference between "Cohabiting Family" and a "Gay or Lesbian Family"?
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A cohabiting family is a heterosexual couple and non-married and a gay or lesbian family is same sex adults sharing psychological, sexual, and financial commitment in the same household.
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Symbols for diagram
Triangle? Square/Circle with X through it? solid circle? Just an X? |
triangle= pregnant
square/tiangle w/X= planned abortion solid circle= unplanned abortion x=stillbirth |
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Letters for Genogram:
C? NC? XM? NXM? |
Cohabitinbg, Non-Cohabiting, Xtra Marital relationship, Xtra Merital relationship ended
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By what criteria are people included in the genogram?
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Family members connected by:
blood, adoption, offspring, law, and common living arrangements. |
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What are the 3 compnents of a genogram?
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1. Mapping the family structure
2. Recording family information 3. Delineating family relationships |
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Describe different types of horizontal lines connectiong adult-adult relationships
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solid- married
dashed- C, gay/lesbian, XM, and couples who have had a child but never lived together. |
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What is the function of a horizontal line in the genogram?
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it's a time line.
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What order to male and female siblings appear on a genogram?
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birth order.
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What elements are needed to complete the "Recording Family Info" portion of genogram?
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arrows, letters, and numbers
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When do you put chronological age inside a square or a circle?
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at the time of their death
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When drawing "Nature of Relationship" symbols, what is the difference between a "close", "distant", and "enmeshed relationship"?
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close relationship (2 parallel yellow lines): allow for connection and individuality between family members. These are healthy relationships.
Distant relationship (one green line): neither cut off nor close enmeshed (3 parallel orange lines): fused relationships are too close, and the members lose their individuality and separateness. |
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"Closed Boundry" is also known as what time of boundary?
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rigid boundry
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An “Open Boundary” is also known as what type of boundary?
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enmeshed boundary
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Do you ever draw a “Boundary Symbol” that connects squares and circles?
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No, the are drawn between symbols.
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What are the 3 compnents of a genogram?
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1. Mapping the family structure
2. Recording family information 3. Delineating family relationships |
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Describe different types of horizontal lines connectiong adult-adult relationships
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solid- married
dashed- C, gay/lesbian, XM, and couples who have had a child but never lived together. |
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What is the function of a horizontal line in the genogram?
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it's a time line.
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What order to male and female siblings appear on a genogram?
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birth order.
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What elements are needed to complete the "Recording Family Info" portion of genogram?
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arrows, letters, and numbers
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When do you put chronological age inside a square or a circle?
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at the time of their death
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When drawing "Nature of Relationship" symbols, what is the difference between a "close", "distant", and "enmeshed relationship"?
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close relationship (2 parallel yellow lines): allow for connection and individuality between family members. These are healthy relationships.
Distant relationship (one green line): neither cut off nor close enmeshed (3 parallel orange lines): fused relationships are too close, and the members lose their individuality and separateness. |
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"Closed Boundry" is also known as what time of boundary?
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rigid boundry
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An “Open Boundary” is also known as what type of boundary?
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enmeshed boundary
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Do you ever draw a “Boundary Symbol” that connects squares and circles?
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No, the are drawn between symbols.
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What is the difference between a “reward” and a “cost”?
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Rewards- something that is considered beneficial that often brings satisfaction
Cost- something perceived as having no benefit or lost rewards that often brings distress |
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Define: Comparison Level
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Evaluation of profit often evaluated in comparison to peers and those in other circumstances
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What is the basic premise of the theory?
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Conflict is inevitable in every relationship.
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What impact does conflict have upon the family?
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It is not detrimental to a family
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Define the word “endemic”
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natural to or characteristic of a specific people or place; Conflict is endemic and inevitable among people striving to exist with limited resources.
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How do conflict theorists define “conflict”?
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when rational, free, and equal persons encounter conflict they enter into agreements.
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Define: Looking Glass Self
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the compacity to see ourselves the way others see us.
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Define: Role Strain
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Occurs when a person does not have enough resources to fulfill a role
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What is the difference between “manifest” and “latent” functions?
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Manifest- involves the consequences of a persons actions (that are intended and recognized by the person).
Latent- involves consequences the person neither intends nor recognizes and are generally understood with the passage of time. |
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What is the difference between “instrumental” and “expressive” roles?
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Instrumental involve the provision of food, and shelter where expressive roles provides emotional support and nurturing.
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What is the difference between a “reward” and a “cost”?
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Rewards- something that is considered beneficial that often brings satisfaction
Cost- something perceived as having no benefit or lost rewards that often brings distress |
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Define: Comparison Level
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Evaluation of profit often evaluated in comparison to peers and those in other circumstances
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What is the basic premise of the theory?
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Conflict is inevitable in every relationship.
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What impact does conflict have upon the family?
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It is not detrimental to a family
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Define the word “endemic”
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natural to or characteristic of a specific people or place; Conflict is endemic and inevitable among people striving to exist with limited resources.
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How do conflict theorists define “conflict”?
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when rational, free, and equal persons encounter conflict they enter into agreements.
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Define: Looking Glass Self
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the compacity to see ourselves the way others see us.
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Define: Role Strain
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Occurs when a person does not have enough resources to fulfill a role
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What is the difference between “manifest” and “latent” functions?
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Manifest- involves the consequences of a persons actions (that are intended and recognized by the person).
Latent- involves consequences the person neither intends nor recognizes and are generally understood with the passage of time. |
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What is the difference between “instrumental” and “expressive” roles?
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Instrumental involve the provision of food, and shelter where expressive roles provides emotional support and nurturing.
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How do people learn what is needed to function in a group?
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socialization
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Define: Wholeness
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A group that transcends the sum of its parts.
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Define: Circular Causality
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A process of ongoing bidirectional influence between subsystems
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Define: Positive Feedback
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Feedback from one subsystem to another resulting in CHANGE within the system. Also referred to as deviation amplifying
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Define: Positive Feedback
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Feedback from one subsystem to another resulting in CHANGE within the system. Also referred to as deviation dampening.
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What is ‘homeostasis”?
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A system's tendency to maintain balance or equilibrium
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What occurs when a system is “rigid”?
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not able to make the necessary adjustments to the challenges in life
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What is a “balanced” family?
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maintain stability but are open to change.
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What is the difference between “liberal” and “social” feminism?
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Liberal - sees sexism as the basis of inequality. Superiority of men and inferiority of women justifies the prejudice and discrimination against women.
Social- view division of labor between men and women as the basis of inequality |
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Describe Duvall’s seven family developmental tasks.
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Reproduction, Protection, Education, Socialization, Recreation, Status, Affection
RASSPER |
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Define: Transition Events
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occurences that identify a family moving from one stage to the next.
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Define: Stage
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a period of time where family members are certain ages
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What is the “bi-directional dynamic”?
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allows an individual to change his or her environment as the enviroment changes the individual.
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What is the difference between an “Exosystem” and a “Microsystem”?
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Exosystem- settings that influence a person; no direct contact with
Microsystem- settings an individual has direct contact with |
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Describe Stanley et al.’s (2003) three types of “Safety”.
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Interaction Safety: emotional safety of the day-to-day interactions between partners.
Personal Safety: the freedom of fear of physical and psycological harm (abuse) Commitment Safety: the security of knowing there is a commintment to the future of the relationship |
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According to Gottman, couples in unhappy relationships did not notice what percentage of positive acts done for one another?
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50%
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Define: Generalization
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the process of styding a large group of people and finding general traits and characteristics represented by most (but not all) of the members
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What occurs with “stereotyping”?
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1. devalues the special features of teh group by assuming all people have the same traits
2.limits the possibility of seeing the special strengths of each member 3.perspective often leads to one group perceiving themselves as superior to another |
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Why did the Pre-Colonial family remain small in size?
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family life emerged from people who derivedlife from the land, suffered by being removed from it, and wer bound to it through relocation
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From 1820-1930, what did Chinese immigrants experience upon their arrival in this country?
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many were detained for months in quarantine enviroments
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When did the “companionate family” emerge in American history?
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During the Industrial Revolution 1900-1945
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What did the 1965 amendment of the Immigration and Nationality Act provide?
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giving preference to immigrants who were trying to reunite with family members already in the country, and additional exceptions were made to accomodate specific political climates of various countries.
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What group did not receive the reunification preference until 1976?
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Mexican American families
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What has happened to gender roles in American families from 1970 until today?
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male and female roles changed. fewer gender rold distinctions between men and women
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What is the “replacement level” of the family?
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2.1 offspring to ensure economic survival
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Define: Familism
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family needs is prioritized over individual needs.
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What is the difference between “material” and “non-material” culture?
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Material- all the artifacts or physical objects human beings reate and subsequently give meaning to.
Non-material- abstract human creations. These include languages, ideas, beliefs, rules, cutomes, myths, skills, family patterns, and political systems/ideologies |
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What are the common characteristics of the “macroculture” in the United States?
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reflects the traditions of Western Europe language, language, legal system, and political system
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Define: Cultural Pluralism
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people are encouraged to respect their heritage as the host culture accepts, tolerates, and values the rich similarites and differences between the two cultures.
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Which of the six social classes in the United States is the largest?
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lower-middle class
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How are social classes defined?
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by their economic worth to society
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When people marry between social classes, which value system do they most frequently adhere to?
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values of the highest class
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What are the reasons that people form “ethnic groups”?
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to create a sense of belonging with others
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Define: Race
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includes genetically transmitted physical characteristics including skin color, hair texture, and body size
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Regarding family life, are there more differences between people of different religions, or between those that are religious and those that are not?
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There are more differences between those that are religious than those that are not.
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