Mid Term Earth Sciences

Front 1

1. Know the steps to the scientific method

Back 1

Question/Problem Research Hypothesis Experiment Analyze the results conclusion

Front 2

2. What is a hypothesis?

Back 2

A possible explanation for an observation that can be tested by scientific investigations

Front 3

3. What is a prediction?

Back 3

A statement of what will happen next in a sequence of events

Front 4

4. Know the tools used to measure solids

Back 4

and liquids?

Hint 4

Solid- scale Liquid- graduated cylinder

Front 5

5. What are telescopes used for?

Back 5

To observe wavelengths and things far away in the sky

Front 6

6. Know the 2 types of telescopes.

Back 6

Radio and Optical

Front 7

7. What are the 2 types of optical telescopes?

Back 7

Reflecting and Refracting

Front 8

8. What is a refracting telescope?

Back 8

A telescope that uses a convex lens to concentrate light from a distant object

Front 9

9. What is a reflecting telescope?

Back 9

A telescope that uses a curved mirror to concentrate light from a distant object

Front 10

10. What is a radio telescope?

Back 10

A telescope that collects radio waves and some microwaves

Front 11

11. What was the 1st optical space telescope?

Back 11

The Hubble

Front 12

12. What is a rocket?

Back 12

A vehicle designed to propel itself by ejecting exhaust from one end

Front 13

13. What is a satellite?

Back 13

Any small object that orbits a larger object

Front 14

14. What are satellites used for?

Back 14

Military television and phone signals monitor weather and climate and some are for GPS

Front 15

15. What is a space probe?

Back 15

An uncrewed spacecraft sent from Earth to explore objects in space

Front 16

16. What is a space shuttle?

Back 16

Are reusable spacecraft that transport people and materials to and from space.

Front 17

17. What things has space materials been used for?

Back 17

Fire fighter suits running shoes and braces

Front 18

18. What is a revolution?

Back 18

The motion of one object around another

Front 19

19. What is an orbit?

Back 19

The path one object follows as it moves around another object

Front 20

20. What is a rotation?

Back 20

A spinning motion

Front 21

21. Why is Earth warmer at the equator and colder at the poles?

Back 21

By the poles a beam of sunlight is more spread out because of Earth’s tilt. So the beam is less intense and less energy in received at the poles were at the equator sunlight can hit directly cause more energy and heat.

Front 22

22. What causes the seasons?

Back 22

The tilt of Earth’s axis

Front 23

23. What is the summer solstice? The winter solstice?

Back 23

Summer- The longest day of the year when the earth is tilted towards the sun Winter- when the earth is tilted more away from the sun

Front 24

24. What is the spring equinox? The fall equinox?

Back 24

Spring- when the Earth is tilted toward nor from the sun Fall- Earth is tilted toward nor away from the sun

Front 25

25. do we always see the same side of the moon?

Back 25

The moon rotates the same time it revolves

Front 26

26. What is the current theory of the moon’s formation?

Back 26

It was formed from debris left from an astronomical body colliding with Earth

Front 27

27. What is the moon’s revolution speed? Rotation speed?

Back 27

27.3

Front 28

28. What does waxing mean?

Back 28

We see more of the moon each night

Front 29

29. What does waning mean?

Back 29

We see less of the moon each night

Front 30

30. What is the penumbra?

Back 30

The lighter part if a shadow where light is partially blocked

Front 31

31. What is the umbra?

Back 31

The central darker part of a shadow where light is totally blocked

Front 32

32. What is a solar eclipse?

Back 32

When the moon's shadow appears on the earths surface

Hint 32

When the moon’s shadow appears on the Earth’s surface

Front 33

33. What is the difference between a partial and total eclipse.

Back 33

You can only see a total eclipse inside the umbra. You can see a partial eclipse in the larger penumbra.

Front 34

34. Who can see a solar eclipse?

Back 34

Anyone is the penumbra and umbra

Front 35

35. Why don’t eclipses happen every month?

Back 35

It is rare for the Moon

Hint 35

Sun

Front 36

36. What is a lunar eclipse?

Back 36

When the Moon moves into the Earth’s shadow

Front 37

37. Who can see a lunar eclipse?

Back 37

Anyone that is on the dark side of the earth (the side the moon is on) and in the penumbra and umbra

Front 38

38. What is a tide?

Back 38

The daily rise and fall of sea level

Front 39

39. What is a spring tide?

Back 39

When there is the greatest difference between high and low tides. (highest high and lowest low)

Front 40

40. What is a neap tide?

Back 40

When the Sun

Hint 40

Moon

Front 41

41. What is the definition of a planet?

Back 41

A spherical object that orbits the sun. Also

Hint 41

it is a celestial body and that the mass must be larger than the total mass of all of the object around it.

Front 42

42. What is a dwarf planet?

Back 42

A spherical object that orbits the sun.

Front 43

43. What is an asteroid?

Back 43

Millions

Hint 43

of small

Front 44

44. Where are asteroids found?

Back 44

Between Mars and Jupiter and on the Asteroid Belt

Front 45

45. What is a comet?

Back 45

An object made of gas

Hint 45

dust

Front 46

46. Where are comets located?

Back 46

Outer parts of the solar system

Front 47

47. What is an astronomical unit?

Back 47

The distance between the Sun and Earth

Front 48

48. What is a meteoroid?

Back 48

a small

Hint 48

rocky particle that moves through space

Front 49

49. What is a meteor?

Back 49

Is a streak of light in Earth’s atmosphere made by a glowing meteoroid

Front 50

50. What is a meteorite?

Back 50

A meteoroid that strikes a planet or a moon

Front 51

51. What is an impact crater?

Back 51

A round depression formed on the surface of a planet

Hint 51

moon

Front 52

What is a light-year?

Back 52

The distance light travels in 1 year

Front 53

What is apparent magnitude?

Back 53

How bright a star appears from earth

Front 54

What is absolute magnitude?

Back 54

The real brightness of a star

Front 55

What is a star?

Back 55

A large ball of gas held together by gravity

Front 56

What is nuclear fusion?

Back 56

The process that occurs when a nuclei of several atoms combine into one larger nucleus

Front 57

Know the layers of the Sun.

Back 57

Corona

Hint 57

Chromosphere

Front 58

How are stars classified?

Back 58

By their spectra

Hint 58

temperature and color

Front 59

What does the H-R diagram measure?

Back 59

Luminosity v.s. temperature

Front 60

What are main-sequence stars?

Back 60

Stars that produce nuclear fusion

Front 61

What are nebulas?

Back 61

A cloud of gas and dust

Front 62

What is a supernova?

Back 62

An enormous explosion that destroys a star

Front 63

What is a black hole?

Back 63

An object whose gravity is so great that no light can escape

Front 64

What is the Big Bang Theory?

Back 64

The universe began from 1 point billions of years ago and has been expanding ever since.