Mid Lectures

Front 1

What are the components of Acute Phase Response?

Back 1

Thermoregulatory, Anti-infective, Anti-inflammatory, Metabolic, Pro-coagulant

Front 2

What is a fever temperature?

Back 2

36.6C

Front 3

What neuropeptides have antipyretic properties?

Back 3

ACTH and Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

Front 4

What cytokines are anti-inflammatory?

Back 4

IL-4, IL-10 (proteins like ACTH, haptoglobin and IL-1 receptor antagonist are also anti-inflammatory)

Front 5

What are Etiological considerations for FUO?

Back 5

Infection, Neoplasia, Collagen vascular disease, Misc

Front 6

What are sources of IL-1?

Back 6

Mononuclear phagocytes, Myelomonocytic leukemia cells, Renal cell carcinoma cells, Langerhans cells, Keratinocytes (lymphocytes do not make IL-1, nor do eosinophils or basophils)

Front 7

Beneficial Effects of Fever?

Back 7

Increased Ig synthesis, T-cell activation, increased cytokine production, increased NK cell activity, suppression of microbial growth, reduced virus replication

Front 8

Why are techoic acids important?

Back 8

They affect the ability of a cell to take up DNA, or its competence. They also are involved in adhesion, which is required for virulence, and as a cause of Gram positive sepsis.

Front 9

What is Braun's lipoprotein?

Back 9

Found only in Gram negative bacteria, in which it anchors the outer membrane to the cell wall.

Front 10

Sepsis from Gram negative is due to what? Sepsis from Gram positive is due to what?

Back 10

G-negative: Lipid A of LPS;
G-positive: Techoic Acid

Front 11

Clinical significance of LPS?

Back 11

Activates alternative complement pathway, acts as pyogen, causes Gram-negative sepsis, DIC, and shock. Causes host cells to produce abnormal amounts of molecules that regulate vascular permeability, blood pressure, coagulation, and immune responses.

Front 12

Intracellular parasites include:

Back 12

Salmonella, Mycobacteria, Legionella, Chlamydiae

Front 13

Bacteria that use A-B toxin:

Back 13

Cholera, Diphtheria, Botulism, Tetanus, Anthrax

Front 14

Where does diphtheria toxin come from?

Back 14

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Interferes with host cell protein synthesis and causes cell death.

Heart, nerve tissue, kidney cells

Front 15

Plasmid encoded exotoxins

Back 15

Anthrax
E. coli
Tetanus

Front 16

Phage encoded exotoxins

Back 16

Botulism
Diphtheria
Shigga-like

Front 17

Chromosomally encoded exotoxins

Back 17

Bordetella AC toxin
Cholera
Pertussis
Exotoxin A
Shiga

Front 18

Growth on chocolate agar is particularly useful for identifying which bacteria?

Back 18

Haemophilus

Front 19

Are Enterobacteriacae, Oxidase Positive or Negative?

Back 19

Oxidase-negative

Front 20

Are Campylybacter Oxidase Positive or Negative?

Back 20

Oxidase-Positive

Front 21

Are Neisseria, Oxidase Positive or Negative?

Back 21

Oxidase-Positive

Front 22

Are Gram-negative Bacilli typical etiologic agents in endocarditis?

Back 22

Rarely in drug addicts

Front 23

Peripheral manifestations of endocarditis include:

Back 23

conjunctival petecchiae, splinter hemorrhages, Osler's nodes, Janeway lesions, Roth's spots

Front 24

Treatment principles for Bacterial Endocarditis:

Back 24

High dose, prolonged, intravenous, bactericidal antibiotics.

2-4 wks Viridians
4-6 wks Enterococci

Combination therapy with aminoglycosides is often used for synergy.

Front 25

Infective endocarditis bacterial adherence include:

Back 25

Surface glycoproteins
High molecular weight dextrans
Lipoteichoic acid
Slime: coagulase negative staph epidermitis

Front 26

Causes of SBE

Back 26

Viridans strept
group D strept
enterococci
S. bovis **colon cancer!

Front 27

Causes of ABE

Back 27

S. aureus
Gram-neg bacilli (drug addicts)
Enterococci (GI/GU manipulation)

Front 28

Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Endocarditis

Back 28

Heart Murmur
CHF
Clubbing (hypertrophic osteoarthropathy)
Splenomegaly

Leukocytosis, anemia, hematuria common

Blood cultures
Transthoracic echo
Transesophageal echo

Front 29

Who has Filamentous hemaggluttinin and what is it?

Back 29

Bordetella

Blocks neutrophil phagos and helps bind to cilia in respiratory tract.

Front 30

What are the clinical stages of Pertussis?

Back 30

Incubation
Catarrhal
Paroysmal
Convalescent

Front 31

Thumbprint sign on lateral neci radiograph... THINK:

Back 31

Haemophilus influenza

Front 32

Widened mediastinum on XRay, THINK:

Back 32

B. anthrax

Front 33

Who are the Gram Positive Rods?

Back 33

Bacillus
Corynebacteria
Listeria
Erysipelthrix

Front 34

Cardiac toxicity
Neurological toxicity

(clinical manifestations in what?)

Back 34

Corynebacteria Diptheria

Front 35

Loves the Placenta and CNS (meningitis)

Back 35

Listeria

Front 36

Granulomatosis Infantiseptica

Back 36

Immediate abortion of fetus if infection occurs in utero.

Listeria!

Listerosis- pregancy increases risk of developing Listeria due to major decline in T-cell function at 30-weeks as a protective measure that mother doesn't attack fetus.