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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multipolar neurons primarily makes up what kind of neuron?
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Motor and interneurons
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The common neuron type?
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Multipolar
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Unipolar neurons are primarily made up of what kind of neuron?
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Sensory Neurons
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Where are bipolar neurons found?
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Rare, retina and olfactory epithelium
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Sensory, transmitting information to the CNS from a sensor
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Afferent
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Transmits motor information, coming out from the brain. CNS to an effector
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Efferent
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Effector
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Organ or cell that acts in response to stimulus
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Association neuron that transmits information within the CNS. ONLY in the CNS.
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Interneurons
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Neurologia
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Supports structures, neurons of the CNS
-Also known as glial cells -Provides support -Nutrition -Help maintain homeostasis -Form Myelin -Help in signal transmission within the nervous system |
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Name the 4 glial cells located in the central nervous system
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Oligodendrocytes
Microglia Astrocytes Ependymal cells |
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Which glial cell is the largest and most abundant?
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Astrocytes
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What are the functions of astrocytes?
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-Control interstitial environment
-Maintain the blood-brain barrier -Creates a 3D framework for the CNS -Produces scar tissue -Guides neuron development in embryonic stage |
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Which type of glial cells is responsible for myelination of axons?
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Oligodendrocytes. CNS.
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Which glial cell is the smallest? And responsible for cleaning up "bad things"
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Microglia.
-engulf waste, debris, and pathogens -number increases during time of infection |
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Glial cell responsible for lining ventricles of the brain and central canal, also ciliated helping with circulation and secretion of CSF.
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Ependymal cells
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What are gaps in the myelin sheath called?
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Nodes of Ranvier
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The initial segment of an axon is called what?
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Axon hillock
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Name of long arm-like structures at the opposite ends of dendrites that have synaptic terminals or knobs at the end are called?
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Telodendria
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The physical link between the nervous system and skeletal muscle is called what? Classic example of a synapse.
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Neuromuscular junction
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Unique to neurons, fixed RER and free ribosomes in the cell body is called what?
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Nissl bodies
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A molecule found in the postsynaptic membrane that is responsible for binding the neurotransmitter
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Receptor
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The postsynaptic membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, at the neuromuscular junction
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Motor end plate
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Glial cell responsible for myelinating cells in the PNS: only one nerve at a time.
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Schwann cells
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The portion of the postsynaptic cells plasma membrane that faces the synaptic cleft ( this unique part of the plasma membrane contains receptor proteins and often neurotransmitter destroying enzymes)
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Postsynaptic membrane
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The gap between pre and post synaptic cells
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Synaptic cleft
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The chemical diffuses across the synaptic cleft, serving as the carrier of the message
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Neurotransmitter
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The neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic neuron at the neuromuscular junction is the...?
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Acetylcholine (ACh)
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Also called synaptic terminals, boutons, knobs; with neurotransmitter filled with vesicles
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Axon terminals
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The junction between two cells. Neuron to neuron. Neuron to muscle. Neuron to gland.
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Synapse
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Most common type of cell to cell communication in the nervous system.
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Chemical synapse
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Stores neurotransmitter chemicals that are used for chemical signal transmission across the synapse
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Vesicle
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Presynaptic and Postsynaptic cell
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h
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Bundles of axons within the central nervous system
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Tracts
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Bundles of axons within the PNS
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Nerves
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Clusters of cell bodies within the CNS
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Nuclei
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Clusters of cell bodies within the PNS
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Ganglia
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