Microreview4(Medically Important Bacteria)

Front 1

What are the basic shapes of bacteria?

Back 1

Cocci/bacilli(rods)/sprochetes

Front 2

What are the two main Gram+ cocci bacteria?

Back 2

Streptococcus/Staphylococcus
Staph is catalase positive, Strep is cat. negative.

Front 3

What other bacteria are cat. positive?

Back 3

Pseudomonas(obligate aerobe)/
Listeria/Enterobacteriacae(facultative anerobes.

Front 4

Name a clinically important Staph species.

Back 4

Staph. epidermidis(coag. negative)(novobiocin sensitive)
Staph. saprophyticus(coag. negative)(novobiocin resistant)

Front 5

How is sheep blood agar used to differentiate Streptococcus?

Back 5

Hemolysis can be alpha, beta and gamma.
In gamma, there is no hemolysis.
Alpha, there is partial hemolysis(green color).
Beta- Complete hemolysis with central clearing due to hemolysin enzymes.

Front 6

Give examples of bacteria that demonstrate such hemolysis or not.

Back 6

Beta-Strep. pyogenes/Strep. agalactiae/S. aureus/Listeria monocytogenes.
Gamma-some Enterococci

Front 7

What are Lancefield group antigens?

Back 7

They are carbohydrates present in the cell walls of Strep species and serve as means of classification.

Front 8

Name some bacteria associated with, Groups A,B,and D.

Back 8

Gr.A-S.pyogenes
Gr. B-S. agalactiae
Gr. D- Strep. bovis
Enterococcus fecalis

Front 9

Enterococci can grow in hypertonic saline and S. bovis cannot. TRUE/FALSE

Back 9

TRUE.

Front 10

What test can differentiate S. pyogenes and S. galactiae?

Back 10

Bacitracin sensitivity.
S. pyogenes is Bacitracin sensitive and S. galactiae is Bacitracin resistant.

Front 11

Name some clinically relevant G+ bacilli.

Back 11

Corynebacterium, Listeria,Bacillus and Clostridium.
Bacillus and Clostridium form spores.
Bacillus is an obligate aerobe. Clostridium is an anerobe.

Front 12

Is there a G+ bacillus that has metachromatic granules?

Back 12

Yes. Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The granules are phosphate inclusions.

Front 13

Nocardia and Actinomyces are two filamentous fungi-like G+ bacteria. TRUE/FALSE

Back 13

TRUE.

Front 14

What are the clinically relevant Gram - cocci bacteria?

Back 14

Neisseria meningitidis, N. gonorrhea and Moraxella catarrhalis.

Front 15

List 2 important distinctions between N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhea.

Back 15

N. menin. has a capsule and therefore a vaccine. It reduces maltose.
N. gonorr. has no capsule.

Front 16

List some clinically relevant Gram- bacilli bacteria.

Back 16

Escherichia, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella.
Respiratory-Boredetella, Legionella, Haemophilus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas.
Zoonotics-Franciscella, Brucella, Yersinia and Pasteurella.

Front 17

Devise a mneumonic term to remember Enteric G_ bacilli bacteria.

Back 17

Enterics are Very Hellish Company in the Stomach and Stool. (E. coli/ Vibrio/Helicobacter/Campylobacteria/Salmonella/Shigella.

Front 18

List a similar mneumonic term for respiratory G_ bacilli.

Back 18

Keep Breathing a Little Harder Please.
Klebsiella/Bordetella/Legionella/Haemophilus/Pseudomonas

Front 19

List a similar mneumonic term for zoonotic G_ bacilli.

Back 19

Find Bacteria on Your Pets.
Franciscella/Brucella/Yersinia/Pseudomonas.

Front 20

List 8 G_ bacilli that belong to Enterobacteriacae.

Back 20

Enterobacteriaceeae are PESSKY Strains of bacteria.
Enterobacter/Proteus/Escherichia/Shigella/Salmonella/Klebsiella/Yersinia/Serratia.

Front 21

What are the three antigens used for serotyping Enterobacteriaaceae?

Back 21

O antigen(endotoxin cell wall component)
H antigen(flagella antigen)
K antigen(capsule antigen, virulence of Salmonella).

Front 22

List some typical features that define Enterobacteriaaceae.

Back 22

Gram Neg/glucose fermenting/lack cytochrome c in electron transport chain/facultative anerobes/catalase positive/can reduce nitrate to nitite.

Front 23

Describe Pseudomonal characteristics.

Back 23

Gram neg./nonglucose fermenting/have cytochrome c/obligate aerobe/cat. positive/ nitrite negative.

Front 24

Which bacteria are urease positive?

Back 24

H. pylori/Proteus/Ureaplasma/Nocardia and some strains of Pseudomonas and Klebsiella.
Urease degrades urea into ammonia and CO2.

Front 25

List three common spirochetes.

Back 25

Treponema, Borrelia and Leptospira.
Spirochetes are mobile.

Front 26

What type of microscopy is employed to visualize spirochetes.

Back 26

Drkfield, because they do not stain well. Silver or fluorescent can be used.