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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the clinical diseases caused by N. meningitidis?
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meningitis, meningococcemia, Waterhouse friderchsen syndrome
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How does N. meningitidis spread?
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Via respiratory secretions.
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What are the two highest risk groups for N. meningitidis infection?
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Infants, 6 mos to two years. Less than 6 mos is protected via maternal antibodies and army recruits. Dorm students.
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What type of immunodeficiency has the greatest risk of N. meningitidis bacteremia?
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Persons deficient in terminal complement components, C6-C9
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What are the key clinical aspects of a patient that leads to a diagnosis of meningococcemia?
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Prodrome of fever, headache nausea, followed by vomiting, hypotension, myalgias, pink macules, papules petecchiae, over the trunk extremities and palate.
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What virulence factor causes the petecchiae seen in meningococcal infections?
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Endotoxin mediated blood vessel destruction leading to blood vessel hemmorhage.
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What are the key signs of meningitis associated with N. meningitidis infection?
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fever, nuchal rigidity, vomiting , lethargy, altered mental status. Children may have seizures.
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What are the typical lumbar puncture findings in bacterial meningitis?
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Increased intracranial pressure, turbid cerebrospinal fluid with > 1000WBC/microliter, increased total protein, decreased glucose and bacteria on Gram stain.
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What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome and what are its common manifestations?
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Fulminant meningococcemia leading to septic shock and bilateral hemorrhage into the adrenal glands causing a catastrophic adrenal insufficiency and death in hours.
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How is N. meningitidis spread to close contacts?
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Spread via asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriers. Therapy is based on rifampin or ciprofloxacin.
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How are N. meningitidis infections prevented?
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Purified polysaccharide vaccine for groups A, C, Y, and W135. A conjugate vaccine for those 4 capsular polysaccharides is also available.Group B, a major cause of meningitis, is not immunogenic and not covered by the vaccine.
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What is the treatment for N. meningitidis infection?
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penicillin(Pen G will not eradicate it from the nasopharynx), or cephalosporin(ceftriaxone).
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