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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Micro-organisms
(My-crow-or-gan-is-ums) |
Microbes or germs are living organisms that are too small to see with the naked eye.
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Pathogens
(path-o-gens) |
Are microorganisms that cause disease.
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Bloodborne Pathogen
(blood-born) |
Any type of pathogen that lives in and is transmitted through the blood.
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Bacteria
(Bac-tear-ya) |
One-celled microorganisms, may be found singularly or in chains.
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Spherical Bacteria
(spear-ic-al) |
(cocci, coccus, (Latin word meaning "berry") streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci
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Rod (bacillli) Bacteria
(ba-sill-i) |
bacilli or bacillus, (Latin, meaning "little staff") Examples are Bacillus anthracis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus tetanus.
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Spiral (spirochete) Bacteria
(spy-ro-keet) |
cork-screw shaped bacteria, spirilla or spirochete, Helicobacter pylori is one cause of chronic gastritis.
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Spores
(sp-ors) |
encapsulated bacteria in an inactive or resting state, in the medical office, spores are killed only by autoclaving.
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Aerobic Bacteria
(air-o-bic) |
bacteria that require O2 (oxygen) for survival.
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Anaerobic
(ana-a-ro-bic) |
bacteria that live without O2 (oxygen)
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Virus
(vi-rus) |
extremely small microbes that pass through most filters, examples of viral diseases include measles, mumps, rubella, herpes, hepatitis B, and influenza.
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Fungus
(fun-gus) |
fugnus or fungi are microbes that grow on other organisms, causing diseases such as tinea (ring worm), candidiasis (thrush), histoplasmosis, or coccidioidomycosis.
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Protozoa
(pro-toe-zoe-ah) |
simplest form of animal pathogen, parasites, examples of diseases caused by protozoa are malaria, giardiasis, and trichomonas (on cause of vaginitis)
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Portals of Entry
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Are the ways microorganisms enter the body.
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List 5 Portals of Entry
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Respiratory System - (nose, mouth (air)
Gastrointestinal System - (mouth, rectum (food & water) Integumentary System - (any break in the skin) Eyes & Ears (thru direct contact) Vascular System - through the blood supply |
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Chain of Infection
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The steps or elements necessary for disease to spread.
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List the 5 Things Needed for the "Chain of Infection"
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1 - Reservoir Host
2- Means of Exit 3. Means of Transmission 4. Means of Entrance 5. Susceptible Host |
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Localized Infection
(lo-cul-i-zed) (in-fect-shun) |
Infection confined to one area of the body. Example: infected sore.
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Generalized or Systemic
(gen-er-al) (sa-stem-ic) |
Infection spread throughout the body (septicemia) ,(septic shock)
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Antibiotics
(an-tie-bi-ot-ics) |
substances ingested, injectd, or applied to a living being that have the power to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria.
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Nosocomial Infection
(no-so-comb-e-al) (in-fect-shun) |
infection acquired (gotten) within a health care setting such as a doctors office, hospital or clinic.
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Parasite
(para-site) |
An organism that lives at the expense of another organism.
Example: Flea or tick |
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Mycology
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The study of Fungi.
myco = fungus ology = study of |
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OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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A federal goverment agency that develops and monitors guidelines and mandates that focus on health and safety in the workplace.
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Virology
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The study of virus.
Viro = virus ology = study of |
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Medical Asepsis
(a-sep-sus) (clean technique) |
clean techniques and procedures that reduce the number of microorganisms in an enviroment and decrease opportunities for further spread.
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Antiseptic
(anti-sep-tic) |
a chemical cleaning agent used on the skin to remove or to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
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Bacteriology
(back-tear-ol-ogee) |
the study of bacteria.
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Disinfectant
(dis-in-fect-ant) |
A bacteriostatic chemical agent used to clean and to decrease the number of pathogens on inanimate objects (such as surgical instruments, countertops). DISINFECTANTS DO NOT STERILZE!
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Two Types of Handwashing
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Medical Handwashing - Washing hands & wrists for 2-3 minutes.
Surgical Handwashing - Wash hands, wrists & forearms for 10 minutes with a brush. Dry with sterile towel and then apply sterile gloves. Do not touch anything after washing hands. |
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Sterilization
(stare-ill-i-za-shun) |
The process of destroying (killing) all living organisms.
Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, etc. |
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Chemotherapy
(kee-mo-thair-a-pee) |
Taking medication (chemical agents) by ingestion, injection or application in treating disease.
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Immunizations
(im-mune-i-za-shuns) |
Biological or chemical agents that create immunity to specific disease when ingested or injected. These are your "shots" you get as a child or adult. MMR, Flu, etc.
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Surgical Asepsis = Sterile Technique
(sur-gic-al) (a-sep-sus) |
Sterile techniqu and procedures to eliminate (kill) all microorganisms in an enviroment.
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What is the First Line of Defense for prevention of infection?
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The Skin (Integumentary System) The skin is also the largest organ in the body.
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Best Temp for Washing Hands
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Luke Warm Water
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What holds the most most microorganisms (MO) in the human body?
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The Mouth. Gums help protect you from disease.
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What Protects the Eyes from Infection?
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Eyelashes & Lysomes in the Eye
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Standard Precautions
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Are a set of precautions recognized by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control) to reduce the chance of transmitting infectious microorganisms in any health care setting, including medical offices.
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Reservoir
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Place on which or in which organisms grow and reproduce. Examples include: man & animals.
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Exit From Reservoir
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Escape route for organisms. Example: nose, throat, mouth, ear,intestinal tract, uninary tract, and wounds.
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Vehicle of Transmission
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Means by which organisms are carried about. Examples include: hands, equipment, instruments, china, sliverware, linens, and droplets.
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Portal of Entry
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Part of body where organisms enter. Examples: break in skin or mucous membrane mouth, nose, and genitourinary tract.
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Susceptible Host
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Person whose body cannot fight off organism once it enters the body and who therefore usually becomes ill.
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Normal Flora = Resident Flora
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The normal microorganisms found in and on the body. Often referred to as "good bacteria"
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What is the bodys line of defense against disease in the respiratory tract?
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Cillia/Hair
Mucous (traps MO) Coughing, Sneezing |
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What is the bodys line of defense against disease in the
GU & Reproductive Tract |
It is less hospitable to disease. Very Acidic environment overall.
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Pathogens (disease causing bugs)
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Bacteria
Virus Fungi Protozoa |
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Normal Flora
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Are Good Microorganisms
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What do you need to grow Pathogens?
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Moisture (Water)
Nutrients (Sugar) Body Fluids (skin tissue, blood, urine) Temp (most pathogens thrive at room temp) Dark (light destroys them) O |
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Where is Escherichia coli (E. coli) found?
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In the large intestine.
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Where is Helicobacter pylori found?
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It lives in the digestive tracts of some individuals (people) and may cause gastric ulcers (sores).
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What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment |
The wearing of gloves, goggles, gowns, and face shields to protect you against disease.
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What is the abbreviation for Alcohol?
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ETOH
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What does Asymptomatic mean?
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Having no symptoms of disease.
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What is a Vector?
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Contaminated H20 (water), disease carrying insects (mosquitoes), Inate Objects (soil, glasses, wound drainage,infected medical equipment)
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What is Viable?
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MO that remain alive for long periods of time in the enviroment.
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How long does Hepatitis B live outside the body?
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Remains alive for 1 week.
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What is an Incubator?
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A place where you can grow microorganisms (MO). Examples are humans and animals.
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FS
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Frozen Section
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I & D
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Incision & Drainage
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LP
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Lumbar Puncture
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Noc / noc
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Night / nocturnal
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Bucco/o
(boo-co) |
Cheek
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Gastr/o
(gas-tro) |
Stomach
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Lith/o
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Stone
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Ren/o
(re-no) |
Kidney
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Pepsia
(pep-see-a) |
State of Digestion
(digestion occurs in the stomach & intestines) |
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Coagulate
(co-egg-u-late) |
Change from a liquid to a solid or semi-solid mass. (Usually refers to blood being able to clot.)
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Purulent
(pure-lent) |
Describes drainage from a wound that is white, green or yellow. Indicates a sign of infection.
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Cryosurgery
(cry-o-sur-ja-ree) |
The surgical destruction of tissue using freezing temperature with liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
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Autoclave
(ott-o-clave) |
Used to sterilize medical instruments with steam under pressure.
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Pathogen
(path-o-gen) |
A microorganism that causes disease. Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Protozoa
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Lidocaine<BR><BR>(lie-doe-cane)
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A medication you inject that numbs the site of injection. A common local anesthetic.
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Virulent
(vir-u-lent) |
Highly pathogenic and disease producing microorganisms.
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Therapeutic
(ther-a-pew-tic) |
having to do with treating or curing disease
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Steam Autoclave Sterilization
Name the three things required to kill Spores on Medical Instruments when placed in a Autoclave. |
Time - 20 minutes in autoclave
15 lbs of Pressure Temp 250 degrees The above is required to eliminate spores! |
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Asymptomatic
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Having no symptoms of disease.
(you may have the disease...you just don't have any symptoms of disease) |
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Infectious
(in-fect-shus) |
Invasion by disease producing microorganisms.
Ability to pass on disease producing microorganisms. (bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa) |
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Asepsis
(a-sep-sus) |
A condition free from germs.
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Sterilization
(stare-a-lie-za-shun) |
Process for destroying microorganisms using heat, water, chemicals or gases.
Sterilization kills SPORES! |
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Sanitation
(san-i-ta-shun) |
Maintaining a disease free environment.
(Removal of Visable Contaminants.) |
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What are three levels of germ cleaning starting with the biggest killer of germs first?
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1 - Sterilization (Kills Everything)
2 - Disinfection (Does't Kill Spores) 3 - Sanitization (Removes Visable Contaminants) |
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Disinfection
(dis-in-fec-shun) |
A chemical that can be applied to objects to destroy microorganisms.
Does not kill bacteria spores! |
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Surgeon
(ser-gen) |
A doctor that operates on the human body.
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What is Hepatitis?
Name the 5 types of Hepatitis Virus. |
Inflammation of the Liver.
Hep A (Foodborne) HAV Hep B (Blood Borne) HBV Hep C (Blood Borne) HCV Hep D (Blood Borne) HDV Hep E (Foodborne) HEV |
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What are two modes of transmission?
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Direct Contact- Touching something with MOs on it.
Indirect Contact - |
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What are three blood borne ifnections that health care workers are most at risk for.
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HIV
Hepatitis B Hepatitis C |
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What kind of water is used in an autoclave?
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Distilled Water
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How much of a border do you have when setting up a sterile tray?
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One inch border.
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What are the basic rules of setting up a sterile field?
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Do not reach over your sterile field.
Do not pass instruments over your sterile field. |
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What is labeled on instruments after wrapping?
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Date & Time
Name of pack. Your Name (YC) |
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Moisture carries what?
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The ability for microorganisms to live & grow.
Bacteria, Fungus, Protozoa, Virus |
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Why is it important to let instrument packs dry?
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So you do not transfer MO's thru the pack.
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How long are sterile wrapped instruments allowed to stay stored?
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30 days. After 30 days you must resterilize them.
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What did they call AIDS prior to that name.
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GRID (Gay Related Immune Deficiency)
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