Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
opportunistic infections
|
normal flora that have left their regular habitat and entered sterile body sites. Need weakened host immune system
|
|
|
pathogenic microbes
|
do not need compromised host immune systems to produce infections.
|
|
|
How many human cells in human body versus how many bacterial/protozan/fungal cells in body?
|
10^13 cells in human body, 10^14 microbial cells.
|
|
|
Eucaryotes of the microbial world
|
Fungi, protozoa, helminths:
-membrane bound nucleus -cytoplasmic organelles -no peptidoglycan -80S ribosomes(40S+60S) |
|
|
Procaryotes of microbial world
|
Bacteria
-primitive nucleoid -no organelles -peptidoglycan present -70S ribosome (50S+30S) |
|
|
Viruses
|
-either RNA or DNA
-no ATP generating system -no ribosomes -obligate intracellular organism |
|
|
DNA viruses
|
poxvirus, herpesvirus, adenovirus, warts virus, parvovirus
|
|
|
RNA viruses
|
HIV, influenza virus, rotavirus, mumps virus, rabies virus, corona virus (common cold), polio virus, LCM virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus
|
|
|
classification of viruses
|
-presence or absence of envelope
-type of nucleic acid -antigenic determinants |
|
|
Nature of viruses
|
-small size: 10-300nm
-obligate intracellular pathogens -either RNA or DNA -capsid (protein coat) -envelope on some(lipid and protein |
|
|
viral capsid
|
a protein coat that protects genome, implications in virus/host interaction
|
|
|
viral envelope
|
on some viruses - lipid and protein, usually formed by virsu budding through host membrane, imp. in viral/host interaction.
|
|
|
3 most common routes of viral spread
|
1)respiratory
2)fecal-oral 3)sexual transmission examples: 1)rhinovirus, influenza 2)rotavirus, norovirus 3)herpes, HPV, HIV |
|
|
All viral genomes must encode 3 types of proteins
|
1)proteins for replicating viral genome
2)proteins for packaging genome and delivering to host cells 3)proteins to modify host cell to suit virus --> affect host cell gene regualtion, cause cell death, or affect antigenic changes on surface |
|
|
What are the tree parts of a lymph node?
|
1)follicle
2)medulla 3)paracortex |
|
|
Lymph node follicle
|
-outer cortex
-Bcell localization and proliferation -primary follicles --> dense and dormant -secondary follicles --> active, pale central germinal centers. |
|
|
Lymph node medulla
|
-consist of medullary cords and medullary sinuses
-medullary cords are closely packed lymphocytes and plasma cells. -medullary sinuses communicate with efferent lymphatics and contain macrophages and reticular cells |
|
|
Lymph node paracortex
|
-Houses T cells
-region of cortex between follicles and medulla -high endothelial venules for entry of Tand B cells from blood -enlarged in extreme cellular immune response -not well developed in DiGeorege syndrome. |
|
|
cells of the lymph node follicles
|
B cells
|
|
|
Cells of the lymph node paracortex
|
T cells
|
|
|
Cells of the lymph node medullary sinuses
|
macrophages
|
|
|
Cells of the lymph node medullary cords
|
plasma cells
|
|
|
characteristics of inflammation (latin)
|
rubor, calor, dolor, tumor = redness, heat, pain, swelling
|
|
|
long-lived WBCs
|
macrophages and dendritic cells
|
|
|
primary APCs
|
dendritic cells
|
|
|
macropinocytosis
|
allows dendritic cells to take up a lot of EC material, which might include pathogens and antigens, and thus degrade pathogens for which they dont have receptors.
|
|
|
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
|
regualr patterns of molecular structure present on many microorganisms (non-self cells) recognized by macrophages, neiutrophils and dendritic cells.
|
