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18 Cards in this Set

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Question
Answer
The name for complement was coined by who?
Paul Erlich
What are the functions of the complement cascade?
1. Lysis of cells, bacteria, viruses
2. Opsonization to promote phagocytosis of Ag
3. Activation of inflammatory response
4. Clearance of immune complexes
None
What are the 3 complement pathways?
1. Classical
2. Alternative
3. Lectin
None
What initiates the classical pathway?
Ag-Ab complexes or bacterial cell wall
Describe the classical pathway.
1. C1s cleaves C4 into C4a and C4b
2. C1 cleaves C2 into C2a and C2b
3. C4b binds to pathogen surface
4. C4b binds C2b
5. C4bC2b cleaves C3 into C3a and C3b
6. C3b binds to pathogen surface
7. C3b cleaves C5 into C5a and C5b
8. C5b activates and cleaves C6-C9
9. C9 forms the pore in a pathogen cell membrane (MAC)
None
Describe the alternative pathway.
1. C3b binds to bacterial cell
2.B is activated =Bb which binds to C3b
3. C3bBb=C3 convertase
4. C3 convertase splits C3 into C3a and C3b
5. C3a promotes inflammation
6. C3b splits C5 to C5a and C5b
7. C5-C9 promotes cell lysis
None
The 3 complement pathways are components of what immune system?
classical - acquired
alternative - innate
lectin - innate
None
Which complement pathway(s) do not require Ab-Ag complexes?
alternative and lectin
Factor B, D and properdin are ONLY a part of which complement pathway?
alternative

properdin is important

-stabilizes C3bBb
-kills cytotoxic Tcells

B stablizes
D breaks up C3bBb
None
What activates the lectin pathway?
binding of mannose-binding lectin, an acute phase protein found on the surface of microorganisms
Describe the lectin pathway?
1. MBL cleaves C4 and C2
2.activates complement (C5-C9)
None
What can MAC (membrane attack comlex)lyse?
gram-negative bacteria and viruses
gram positive bacteria are generally resistant to MAC b/c they have thick peptidoglycan coats and MAC has trouble putting a hole in it
None
C3a and C5a are involved in what kind of response?
allergic responses
degranulation of eosinophils
inflammation
None
People with C1 and C4 deficiencies tend to suffer from what?
rheumatologic and vascular-collagen diseases
People with C3 deficiencies are more susceptible to what?
bacterial infections
What is a C2 deficiency associated with?
chronic neutropenia
The peptides C3a, C4a and C5a are anaphylatoxins which cause
mast cell degranulation and smooth muscle contraction. They increase vascular permeability, which permits cells and fluids to enter the tissues from the circulation