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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the structure of all VHF's?
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enveloped RNA
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What are the typical vectors for VHF's?
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animals (outbreak monkey) and insects
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What are the general initial signs of VHF diseases?
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fever
fatigue dizziness muscle aches loss of strength exhaustion |
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what are the SEVERE signs of VHF's
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shock, renal failure, nervous system malfunction, coma, delirum
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How do VHF's typically causes these bleeding disorders?
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massive cytokine release
stimulates inflammatory processes and clotting pathways |
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how does the immune response change with VHF's?
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there is decreased immune response
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What are the hemorrhagic complications of VHF's due to?
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hepatic damage
cosumptive coagulopathy thrombocytopenia |
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what is the genome of flaviviriidae?
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+ sense RNA
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What is the genome of bunyaviridae?
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- sense RNA
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what is the genome of arenaviridae?
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ssRNA, with - sense and ambisense
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what is the genome of filoviridae?
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- sense RNA
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how do antibodies affect flaviviruses
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these facilitate viral uptake
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What are the flaviviruses we need to know? (these + sense RNA that are helped by antibodies, viruses)
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dengue virus
yellow fever virus |
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How many serotypes of dengue fever are there? and is there cross immunity?
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there are 4, and NO cross immunity
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what age groups usually get dengue fever
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kids are more affected
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what is the natural host for dengue fever?
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OUTBREAK MONKEY!
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What is the transmission vector for dengue fever?
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aedes aegypti mosquito
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What happens with first infection of dengue?
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Acute infection-
high fever, anorexia, myalagia, RASH |
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What is the character of the rash from 1st dengue fever?
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a rash develops and then fades,
then another maculopapular rash on limbs and face causes desquamation |
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how is the first exposure to dengue resolved?
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via immune clearance
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How do you get dengue hemorrhagic fever?
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infection with a second dengue strain
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What are the symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever?
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high fever
weakening and rupture of vasculature fluid loss thrombocytopenia |
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How do antibodies affect the 2nd infection of dengue?
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non neutralizing antibodies promote virus uptake into macrophages
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What are the two stains of yellow fever?
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Dakar, 17D
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What type of virus is yellow fever?
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Arbovirus
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what is the vector for yellow fever?
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mosquito
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what is the natural host of yellow fever?
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monkey
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How is yellow fever transmitted?
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aedes mosquito
haemagogus mosquito |
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What happens in the acute phase of yellow fever?
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fever, muscle pain, HA, shiver, nausea vomiting
red tongue, flushed face, red eyes** back ache** |
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What happens in the toxic phase of yellow fever?
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jaundice
GI hemorrhage (black vomit) Dissemination to many organs and wide spread hemorrhaging |
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What type of cells does yellow fever attack?
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Kupffer cells and hepatocytes
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What is the morphology of cells damaged by yellow fever?
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councilman bodies
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Is there a vaccine for yellow fever?
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yes there is YF-Vax strain 17D
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What is the genome of bunyavirues?
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enveloped - sense RNA viruses, segmented genome
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what does the bunyavirus L gene code for?
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RNA-dependent RNA pol
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What does the bunyavirus M gene code for?
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G1 and G2
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What does the bunyavirus S gene code for?
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nucelocapsid
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What genus is rift valley fever?
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phlebovirus
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what type of virus is rift valley fever?
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arbovirus
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what is the vector for rift valley fever
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mosquito
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where in the world is there rift valley fever?
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eastern and southern africa
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what is the reservoir for rift valley fever?
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livestock
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what are the clinical features of rift valley fever?
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asymptomatic, mild illness, fever and liver abnormalities
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Who is rift valley fever a big problem in?
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livestock!
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in some human pts, what can rift valley fever cause?
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hemorrhagic fever
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what are the sever complications of secondary rift valley fever infection?
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blindness
hepatitis CNS issues |
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do you have long term immunity to rift valley fever after infection?
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yes you do
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is there a vaccine for rift valley fever?
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yes
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What kind of virus is Hantann virus?
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ROBOVIRUS**
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where is Hantann virus common?
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asia and europe
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what is the reservoir for hantaan virus?
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striped field mouse, apodemus agrarius
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how do people get infected with Hantaan virus?
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by contact with infected mouse
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what does Hantaan virus cause?
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hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
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What are the complications of Hantaan virus's HFRS?
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inflammation of the retina which can cause permanent vision loss
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how many times do you need to encounter Hantaan virus in order to get hemorrhagic fever?
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twice! second infection is the worst
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What type of virus of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever?
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ARBOVIRUS
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where is Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever endemic to?
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SE europe
Asia Africa |
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what is the major vector and reservoir for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever?
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Hyalomma marginatum tick
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What is the progression of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever?
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abrupt onset fever, Ha, SEVERE back/abdominal pain
late pts bleed from skin and mucous membranes leading to shock |
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What are the characteristics of arenaviruses ?
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enveloped ssRNA
segmented genome with L and S |
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What does the arenaviruse L gene do?
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- sense, codes from polymerase
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what does the arenaviruse S gene do?
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ambisense, N protein plus G1 and G2 proteins
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what type of virus is the Lassa virus?
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ROBOVIRUS
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Where is the Lassa virus found?
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primarily in west africa
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what is the natural host for Lassa virus?
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multimammate rat
mastomys natalensis |
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how do you get Lassa virus?
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ingestion/contamination with rat urine
direct contact/person to person |
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What is the onset of Lassa fever?
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insidious onset, fever, HA, dry cough, paryngitis, back pain
vomiting, diarrhea facial rash |
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what are the symptoms of full blown Lassa fever?
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MOSF
petechial rash, GI bleed, shock photophobia, numbness, oral ulcers, red eyes, muscle pain |
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What is a complication for survivors of Lassa fever?
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deafness
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How does Lassa virus cause problems?
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this infects macrophages and causes release of inflammatory mediators
causes cell/vascular damage |
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what family do Ebola and Marbug belong to?
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filoviridae
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what is the morphology of filoviruses?
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filamentous, pleomorphic
- sense ssRNA viruses enveloped |
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Where is marburg virus endemic to?
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africa
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What is the reservoir for marburg virus?
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fruit bats
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What is the most deadly kind of ebola virus?
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zaire type
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What are the initial symptoms of marburg and ebola virus?
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fever, HA, myalgia, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea
followed by a maculopapular rash a few days later photophobia and lympadenopathy |
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what are the late symptoms of marburg and ebola?
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sever thrombocytopenia and bleeding death
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How does ebola cause all these problems?
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enters blood stream and causes rapid and extensive necrosis
also macrophages cause septic shock rapid death |
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What are the lab findings of VHF in general?
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leukopenia
thrombocytopenia increased HCT (due to volume loss) elevated liver enzymes low albumin proteinuria high BUN |