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79 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the structure of all VHF's?
enveloped RNA
What are the typical vectors for VHF's?
animals (outbreak monkey) and insects
What are the general initial signs of VHF diseases?
fever
fatigue
dizziness
muscle aches
loss of strength
exhaustion
what are the SEVERE signs of VHF's
shock, renal failure, nervous system malfunction, coma, delirum
How do VHF's typically causes these bleeding disorders?
massive cytokine release
stimulates inflammatory processes and clotting pathways
how does the immune response change with VHF's?
there is decreased immune response
What are the hemorrhagic complications of VHF's due to?
hepatic damage
cosumptive coagulopathy
thrombocytopenia
what is the genome of flaviviriidae?
+ sense RNA
What is the genome of bunyaviridae?
- sense RNA
what is the genome of arenaviridae?
ssRNA, with - sense and ambisense
what is the genome of filoviridae?
- sense RNA
how do antibodies affect flaviviruses
these facilitate viral uptake
What are the flaviviruses we need to know? (these + sense RNA that are helped by antibodies, viruses)
dengue virus

yellow fever virus
How many serotypes of dengue fever are there? and is there cross immunity?
there are 4, and NO cross immunity
what age groups usually get dengue fever
kids are more affected
what is the natural host for dengue fever?
OUTBREAK MONKEY!
What is the transmission vector for dengue fever?
aedes aegypti mosquito
What happens with first infection of dengue?
Acute infection-
high fever, anorexia, myalagia,
RASH
What is the character of the rash from 1st dengue fever?
a rash develops and then fades,

then another maculopapular rash on limbs and face causes desquamation
how is the first exposure to dengue resolved?
via immune clearance
How do you get dengue hemorrhagic fever?
infection with a second dengue strain
What are the symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever?
high fever

weakening and rupture of vasculature

fluid loss

thrombocytopenia
How do antibodies affect the 2nd infection of dengue?
non neutralizing antibodies promote virus uptake into macrophages
What are the two stains of yellow fever?
Dakar, 17D
What type of virus is yellow fever?
Arbovirus
what is the vector for yellow fever?
mosquito
what is the natural host of yellow fever?
monkey
How is yellow fever transmitted?
aedes mosquito
haemagogus mosquito
What happens in the acute phase of yellow fever?
fever, muscle pain, HA, shiver, nausea vomiting
red tongue, flushed face, red eyes**
back ache**
What happens in the toxic phase of yellow fever?
jaundice
GI hemorrhage (black vomit)

Dissemination to many organs and wide spread hemorrhaging
What type of cells does yellow fever attack?
Kupffer cells and hepatocytes
What is the morphology of cells damaged by yellow fever?
councilman bodies
Is there a vaccine for yellow fever?
yes there is YF-Vax strain 17D
What is the genome of bunyavirues?
enveloped - sense RNA viruses, segmented genome
what does the bunyavirus L gene code for?
RNA-dependent RNA pol
What does the bunyavirus M gene code for?
G1 and G2
What does the bunyavirus S gene code for?
nucelocapsid
What genus is rift valley fever?
phlebovirus
what type of virus is rift valley fever?
arbovirus
what is the vector for rift valley fever
mosquito
where in the world is there rift valley fever?
eastern and southern africa
what is the reservoir for rift valley fever?
livestock
what are the clinical features of rift valley fever?
asymptomatic, mild illness, fever and liver abnormalities
Who is rift valley fever a big problem in?
livestock!
in some human pts, what can rift valley fever cause?
hemorrhagic fever
what are the sever complications of secondary rift valley fever infection?
blindness

hepatitis

CNS issues
do you have long term immunity to rift valley fever after infection?
yes you do
is there a vaccine for rift valley fever?
yes
What kind of virus is Hantann virus?
ROBOVIRUS**
where is Hantann virus common?
asia and europe
what is the reservoir for hantaan virus?
striped field mouse, apodemus agrarius
how do people get infected with Hantaan virus?
by contact with infected mouse
what does Hantaan virus cause?
hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
What are the complications of Hantaan virus's HFRS?
inflammation of the retina which can cause permanent vision loss
how many times do you need to encounter Hantaan virus in order to get hemorrhagic fever?
twice! second infection is the worst
What type of virus of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever?
ARBOVIRUS
where is Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever endemic to?
SE europe
Asia
Africa
what is the major vector and reservoir for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever?
Hyalomma marginatum tick
What is the progression of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever?
abrupt onset fever, Ha, SEVERE back/abdominal pain

late pts bleed from skin and mucous membranes leading to shock
What are the characteristics of arenaviruses ?
enveloped ssRNA

segmented genome with L and S
What does the arenaviruse L gene do?
- sense, codes from polymerase
what does the arenaviruse S gene do?
ambisense, N protein plus G1 and G2 proteins
what type of virus is the Lassa virus?
ROBOVIRUS
Where is the Lassa virus found?
primarily in west africa
what is the natural host for Lassa virus?
multimammate rat

mastomys natalensis
how do you get Lassa virus?
ingestion/contamination with rat urine

direct contact/person to person
What is the onset of Lassa fever?
insidious onset, fever, HA, dry cough, paryngitis, back pain
vomiting, diarrhea

facial rash
what are the symptoms of full blown Lassa fever?
MOSF
petechial rash, GI bleed, shock
photophobia, numbness, oral ulcers, red eyes, muscle pain
What is a complication for survivors of Lassa fever?
deafness
How does Lassa virus cause problems?
this infects macrophages and causes release of inflammatory mediators

causes cell/vascular damage
what family do Ebola and Marbug belong to?
filoviridae
what is the morphology of filoviruses?
filamentous, pleomorphic

- sense ssRNA viruses

enveloped
Where is marburg virus endemic to?
africa
What is the reservoir for marburg virus?
fruit bats
What is the most deadly kind of ebola virus?
zaire type
What are the initial symptoms of marburg and ebola virus?
fever, HA, myalgia, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea

followed by a maculopapular rash a few days later

photophobia and lympadenopathy
what are the late symptoms of marburg and ebola?
sever thrombocytopenia and bleeding death
How does ebola cause all these problems?
enters blood stream and causes rapid and extensive necrosis

also macrophages cause septic shock

rapid death
What are the lab findings of VHF in general?
leukopenia
thrombocytopenia
increased HCT (due to volume loss)
elevated liver enzymes
low albumin
proteinuria
high BUN