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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you determine if a UTI is community acquired or Nosocomial?
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the 48 hour rule, if it occurs before 48 hours it was probably community acquired
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What is a UTI relapse?
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this is the SAME microbe coming back within 2 weeks* of completing treatment
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What do UTI relapses indicated?
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structural abnormality
microbial invasion of tissues |
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What is a UTI reinfection?
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new infection, may be same or different bug
AFTER 2 weeks later |
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What is the most common uncomplicated UTI bug?
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E coli
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What things cause complicated UTI's?
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Anatomical abnormality
Metabolic disorder Impaired host response or unusual pathogen like yeast |
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What type of UTIs are all males?
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Complicated UTI's
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What is the primary source of UTI agents?
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GI tract
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What is the one exception to the primary source of UTI agents?
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Staphy Saprophyticus- a coagulase negative staph
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What is the most common agent of Complicated UTI's?
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Uropathogenic Ecoli
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What are the main causes of Complicated UTI's?
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P. aeruginosa
UPEC Enterocaccus GBS Yeast |
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Who gets more UTI's and why in the first few months of life?
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males, due to congential abnormalities
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Who gets more UTI's from year 1-50, and why?
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women, anatomical differences
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Who gets more UTIs after 50 and why?
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equal, men catch up due to BPH
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What two UTI bugs are post menopausal women most at risk for?
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E. coil, and S. saprophyticus
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What are the two adhesins found in E coli?
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type 1
and P type fimbriae |
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What does E coli type 1 fimbriae do
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these help it colonize the Lower UT.
they bind mannose reisdues |
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What does E coli P fimbriae do?
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this helps it colonize the Upper UT
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What two toxins do uropathic bugs have?
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Hemolysin
Endotoxin |
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What enzyme do Uropathic bugs have?
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Urease
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What UTI bugs produce urease?
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P aeruginoas
Proteus Kelbsiella Ureoplasma urelyticum Mycoplasma hominis |
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What is the capsular polysaccharide antigen?
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K antigen- on G- enterobacter
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What are the most common Ascending UTI bugs?
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Ecoli- UPEC
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What are the most common bugs in Descending UTI's?
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S aureus
Mycobacterium TB Candida albicans |
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What are the STD's that cause UTI manifestations?
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Clap, gonorrhoeae, Trich
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What are the signs of UTI's?
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dysuria
pyuria (cloudy) hesitancy urgency Cystitis (in women) Prostatitis (men) |
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What defines Bacteriuria?
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greater than 10^3 CFU/mL
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What are the signs of Pyelonephritis
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Flank pain
CVA tenderness Lower UTI symptoms Spiking fever Systemic effects* |
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What are the signs of Cystitis?
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acute onset (vs. urethritis)
more severe symptoms hematuria |
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What is Urethral syndrome?
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signs/symptoms of cystitis but with sterile urine cultures.
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Who get urethral syndrome
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White women 13-70
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What bug might be causing urethral syndrome?
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bacteroides fragilis
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What defines a UTI in regards to urine culture
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10^5 CFU/ml
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What defines a UTI in regards to leukocyte count
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10^5 WBC/ml
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What defines a UTI in regards to the suggested guidlines?
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10^2 CFU + symptoms
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What defines a UTI in regards to suprapubic aspiration
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ANY CFU/ml
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What defines a UTI in regards to staph aureus
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ANY CFU/ml
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How do Urease producers affect urine pH?
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they bring it up to neutral
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What is used to detect pyuria?
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leukocyte esterase
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What three bugs produce Nitrate reductase?
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E coli
Proteus Klebsiella |
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How long do you treat uncomplicated cystitis?
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3-7 days
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How long do you treat uncomplicated pyelonephritis?
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5-7 days
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What are the two main antibiotics for Cystitis?
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Nitrofurantoin
TMP/SMX |
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What is the main drug for Pyelonephritis?
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Ciprofloxacin
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What is Methenamine Hippurate?
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a prophylaxis drug for recurring UTIs
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What is Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
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urinary tract analgesic
Tx of dysuria, frequency, urgency |
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What three groups of people get treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria?
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pregnant women
preschool kids pts with abnormal urinary tracts |
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What are some home prevention methods for UTI's?
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vitamin C
fruits protein cranberry or blueberry juice |
