Microbiology Unit 2

Front 1

What is taxonomy?

Back 1

the science of classifying organisms

Front 2

Compare and contrast: archaea and bacteria

Back 2

both are prokaryotic; they differ in composition of their cell walls, plasma membranes, and rRNAs

Front 3

Compare and contrast: bacteria and eukaria

Back 3

both are bound by ester-linked plasma membranes; eukarya have membrane-bound organelles

Front 4

Compare and contrast: archaea and eukarya

Back 4

both use methionine as the start signal. Eukarya have membrane bound organelles and ester-linked membranes

Front 5

What is binomial nomenclature?

Back 5

the system of assigning a genus and a species to each organism

Front 6

Higher organisms are arranged into taxonomic groups on the basis of evolutionary relationships. Why is this type of classification only now being developed for bacteria?

Back 6

Most microorganisms do not contain structures that are readily fossilized, making it difficult to obtain info on the evolution

Front 7

What are three characteristics used to classify organisms into the Kingdom Fungi?

Back 7

absorptive; possess cell wall; eukaryotic

Front 8

List 4 ways to identify an unknown bacterium

Back 8

hybridizing a DNA probe from a known bacterium with the unknown's DNA; making a fatty acid profile of the unknown; specific antiserum agglutinating the unknown; ribosomal RNA sequencing

Front 9

Compare and contrast: cyanobacteria and algae

Back 9

Both are oxygenic photoautotrophs. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes; algae are eukaryotes

Front 10

Compare and contrast: actinomycetes and fungi

Back 10

both are chemoheterotrophs apable of forming mycelia; some form conidia; actinomycetes are prokaryotes; fungi are eukaryotes

Front 11

Compare and contrast: bacillus and lactobacillus

Back 11

both are large rod-shaped bacteria. Bacillus forms endospores, lactobacillus is a fermentative non-endospore-forming rod

Front 12

Compare and contrast: pseudomonas and escherichia

Back 12

both are small rod-shaped bacteria. Pseudomonas has an oxidative metabolism; escherichia is fermentative. Pseudomonas has polar flagella; escherichia has peritrichous flagella

Front 13

Compare and contrast: rickettsia and chlamydia

Back 13

both are obligatory intracellular parasites; rickettsia are transmitted by ticks; chlamydia have a unique developmental cycle

Front 14

Which of the following does NOT belong with the others? A. enterobacteriales B. lactobacillales C. legionellales D. pasteurellales E. vibrionales

Back 14

B. lactobacillales

Front 15

Pathogenic bacteria can be: A. motile B. rods C. cocci D. anaerobic E. all of the above

Back 15

E. all of the above.

Front 16

Which of the following is an intracellular parasite? A. rickettsia B. mycobacterium C. bacillus D. staphylococcus E. streptococcus

Back 16

A. rickettsia

Front 17

When Legionella was newly discovered, it was classified with the pseudomonads because: A. it is a pathogen B. it is an aerobic gram-negative rod C. it is difficult to culture D. it is found in water E. none of the above.

Back 17

B. it is an aerobic gram-negative rod

Front 18

Cyanobacteria differ from purple and green phototrophic bacteria because cyanobacteria?

Back 18

produce oxygen during photosynthesis

Front 19

Define: elementary body

Back 19

The infectious form of Chlamydia

Front 20

Define: hyphae

Back 20

a long filament of cells in fungi or actinomycetes

Front 21

Define: thallus

Back 21

the entire vegetative structure or body of a fungus, lichen or alga

Front 22

Define: mycelium

Back 22

a mass of long filaments of cells that branch & intertwine, typically found in molds

Front 23

Define: coenocytic

Back 23

a fungal filament that is not divided into uninucleate cell like units because it lacks septa

Front 24

Define: septate

Back 24

a hypha consisting of uninucleate cell-like units

Front 25

Define: candida albicans

Back 25

human pathogen in the anamorphs phylum

Front 26

Define: reverse transcriptase

Back 26

an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase; an enzyme that synthesizes a complimentary DNA from an RNA template

Front 27

Define: genus

Back 27

the first name of the scientific name; the taxon between family and species

Front 28

Define: nucleic acid hybridization

Back 28

the process of combining single complementary strands of DNA

Front 29

Define: aerobic

Back 29

requiring molecular oxygen for growth

Front 30

Define: anaerobic

Back 30

not requiring molecular oxygen for growth

Front 31

Define: actinomycetes

Back 31

genus in the actinomycetales order in the actinobacteria phylum - some human pathogens

Front 32

Define: flagella

Back 32

a lthin appendage from the surface of the cell- used for cellular locomotion *prokaryote: composed of flagellin; *eukaryote: compled of 9 pairs + 2 microtubules

Front 33

Define: peptidoglycan

Back 33

the structural molecule of bacterial cell walls consisting of the molecules NAG & NAM

Front 34

Define: taxon

Back 34

a taxonomic category: *phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Front 35

Define: archaea

Back 35

domain of prokaryotes lacking peptidoglycan in cell wall

Front 36

Define: helminth

Back 36

multicellular animal - parasitic round or flatworm

Front 37

Define: eubacteria

Back 37

domain of prokaryotes characerized by peptidoglycan cell walls

Front 38

Define: lysogeny

Back 38

a state in which phage DNA is incorporatedinto the host cell w/o lysis

Front 39

Define: lichen

Back 39

a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium

Front 40

Define: prion

Back 40

an infectiuos agent consisting of a self-replicating protein w/ no detectable nucleic acids

Front 41

Define: provirus

Back 41

viral DNA that is integrated into the host cells DNA

Front 42

Define: mycoplasma

Back 42

genus in the firmicutes phylum - no cell wall - human pathogen

Front 43

Define: chlamydia

Back 43

genus in the chlamydiae phylum - intracellular parasite - human pathogen

Front 44

Define: rickettsia

Back 44

genus in the proteobacteria phylum - obligately intracellular - human pathogen