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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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microbial targets should be toxic to ____ but not to ____
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pathogen - host
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6 cellular targets of physical & chemical agents
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plasma membrane - protein/enzymes - DNA/RNA/Ribosome - cell wall - prokaryote/eukaryote - viruses inside host
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it is difficult to kill fungi, protozoans & helminths because of the ____ & they are ____ to humans.
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many shapes - similar
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____ are hardest to kill because they become part of the host
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viruses
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surfactant molecules cause ____ ____ damage
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plasma membrane
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heat and ph changes causes ____ of protein
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complete denaturization
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in denaturation of protein, the ____ ____ can no longer accept the ____ making the enzyme inactive
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active site - substrate
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2 practical concerns of microbial control are safety & ____
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cost
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expiration date and if the item can be reused is a ____ concern
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practical
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a practical concern in microbial control is whether an item can resist (4)
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heat - pressure - radiation - chemicals
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practical concerns are whether or not an application is practical & suitable requiring ____
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sterilization
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penetration of the agent to the necessary extent is a ____ concern
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practical
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2 types of antimicrobial spectrums are ____ & ____
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narrow - broad
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narrow spectrum means the antimicrobial only affects ____ type of cell
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one
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example of narrow spectrum
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gram+ penicillin
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broad spectrum means the antimicrobial effects ____ types of cells
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many
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example of broad spectrum
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tetracycline
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microbial death involves ____ loss of ____ capability, even under optimum growth conditions
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permanent - reproductive
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microbial death is usually at a____ rate
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constant
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a log curve can be plotted with log ____ or viable cells against ____
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survivors - time
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cells are still capable of growth if ____ agent is removed
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microstatic
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