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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 examples of macronutrients required that play a role in cell structure & metabolism
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protein - carbs - lipids
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micronutrients or ____ elements are required in ____ amounts
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trace - tiny
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micro nutrients are involve in ____ function & maintenance of ____ structure
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enzyme - protein
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3 examples of micronutrients
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maganese - zinc - nickel
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inorganic nutrients is atom or molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than ____ & ____
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carbon - hydrogen
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inorganic nutrients are ____, ____ , ____, & ____
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metals - salts - gases - water
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3 examples of salts
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maganese sulfate - ferric nitrate - sodium phosphate
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2 examples of gases
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oxygen - carbon dioxide
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organic nutrients contain ____ & ____ atoms & are usually the products of ____ things
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carbon - hydrogen - living
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5 examples of organic nutrients
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methane (CH₄) - carbs - lipids - protein - nucleic acids
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cytoplasm contains ____% water
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60-80
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96% of cell is composed of what 6 elements
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CHONPS
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____% of earths atmosphere is N₂ (nitrogen)
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79-80
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nitrogen is part of the structure of ____, ____ acids, DNA, RNA, & ATP primary source of N for ____trophs
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protein - nucleic - hetero
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some bacteria & algae use inorganic ____ nutrients (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₂)
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nitrogen
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nitrogen can be fixed by some ____
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bacteria
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N must be converted to ____, the only form that can be combined with a carbon to synthesize amino acids, etc.
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NH₃ (ammonia)
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____ is a major element in all organic compounds & several inorganic compounds (water, salts, & gases)
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hydrogen
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hydrogen gases are produced & used by ____
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microbes
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hydrogen maintains ____ balance, forms ____ ____ between molecules, & serves as a source of free energy in ____-____ reactions of respiration
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pH - hydrogen bonds - oxidation-reduction
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____ is a main inorganic source (PO₄⁻) derived from phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) found in rocks & oceanic mineral deposits
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phosphate
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phosphorous is a key component of ____ ____, essential to genitics
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nucleic acids
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____ serves in energy transphers (atp)
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phosphorous
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____ is widely distributed in environment, rocks, sediments contain ____
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sulfur - SO₄⁻
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sulfur is essential components of some vitamins & amino acids (2)
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methionine - cysteine
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5 examples of essential mineral ions or trace elements important in microbial metabolism
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potassium - sodium - calcium - magnesium - iron
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importance of potassium
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protein synthesis - membrane function
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importance of sodium
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cell transport
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importance of calcium
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stabilize cell wall + endospores of bacteria
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importance of magnesium
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component of chlorophyll - stabilizer of membranes + ribosomes
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importance of iron
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component of cytochrome proteins of cell respiration
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organic essential growth factors are compounds that can/cannot be synthesized by an organism
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cannot
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2 examples of organic essential growth factors
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essential amino acids - vitamins
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oxygen makes of ____% of the atmosphere
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20
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____ plays an important role in structural & enzymatic functions of a cell
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oxygen
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____ is a component of orgainc molecules, inorganic salts (sulfates, phosphates, nitrates) & water
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oxygen
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____ is essential to metabolism of may organisms
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oxygen
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3 things that metabolism generates with oxygen
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free radicals - O₂⁻ (superoxide ions) - OH⁻ (hydroxyl radicals)
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O₂ is very reactive and free radicals destroy ____
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membranes
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2 protective enzymes against free radicals
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dismutase (SOD) - catalase
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