Microbiology Tools (Test 1)

Front 1

the three different tools that are employed to study bacteria

Back 1

Morphology, Microscopy, Staining.

Front 2

Threegeneral shapes of bacteria

Back 2

Coccus,Bacillus, Spirillum

Front 3

bacterial shape that is roughly spherical

Back 3

coccus

Front 4

bacterial shape that is rod shaped

Back 4

bacillus

Front 5

bacterial shape that is curviform or spiral shaped

Back 5

spirillum

Front 6

when cells of a single species vary to some extent in shape and size

Back 6

pleomorphism

Front 7

have the greatest variety in arrangement

single

pairs

tetrads

irregular clusters

chains

cubical packet (sarcina)

Back 7

COCCI

Front 8

are less varied

single

chains

rows of cells orientated side by side (palisades)

Back 8

BACILLI

Front 9

types of microscopes

Back 9

simple, compound, electron (SEM & TEM)

Front 10

electron microscopy was originally developed for the study of

Back 10

nonbiological materials

Front 11

the two types of electron microscopes are

Back 11

transmission electron microscope (TEM)

scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Front 12

• creates an extremely detailed 3D view of all kinds of objects.
  
• electrons bombard the surface of a whole metal-coated specimen
• electrons deflected from the surface are picked up by a sophisticated detector.
• the electron pattern is displayed as an image on a television screen.
• contours of specimens resolved with ___ are very revealing and surprising.

Back 12

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Front 13

• often used to view structures of cells and viruses
• electrons are transmitted through the specimen
• the specimen must be very thin (20-100 nm thick) and stained to increase image contrast.
• dark areas of a ___ image represent thicker or denser parts.

Back 13

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Front 14

the smear technique was developed by

Back 14

Robert Koch

Front 15

a basic dye is called

Back 15

cationic

Front 16

a acidic dye is called

Back 16

anionic

Front 17

in this type of staining the dye sticks to the specimen to give it color

Back 17

simple staining

Front 18

in this type of staining the dye does not stick to the specimen, instead it settles around its boundaries, creating a silhouette

Back 18

negative staining

Front 19

this staining technique requires only a single dye

• a basic dye is used
• examples include methylene blue, crystal violet, basic fuschin, and safranin
• all cells appear the same color but can reveal shape, size and arrangement.

Back 19

simple stains

Front 20

this staining technique requires only a single dye

• an acidic dye is used
• examples include nigrosin, congo red, india ink,
• all cells appear clear with the background stained which reveals the shape, size, and arrangement.

Back 20

Negative Stains.

Front 21

this type of stain technique uses two differently colored dyes, the primary dye and the counterstain. helps to distinguish between cell types or parts. examples include the gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain.

Back 21

Differential stains

Front 22

the most universal diagnostic staining technique for bacteria. differentiation of microbes as gram positive (purple) or gram negative (red)

Back 22

Gram Staining

Front 23

• important diagnostic stain
• differentiates acid-fast bacteria (pink) from non-acid-fast bacteria (blue)
• important in medical microbiology

Back 23

Acid-fast Staining

Front 24

• dye is forced by heat into resistant bodies called spores or endospores
• distinguishing between the stores and the cells they come from (the VEGETATIVE cells)
• significant in medical microbiology

Back 24

endospore stain

Front 25

• used to emphasize certain cell parts that arent revealed by conventional staining methods
  
• examples include capsule staining, flagellar staining.

Back 25

Special Stains