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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Virulence
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degree of pathogenicity
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LD50
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lethal dose for 50% of the hosts
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Streptococcus pyogenes has this on fimbrae to protect it from being phagocytized. It is acid and heat resistent.
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M-proteins
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This occurs when a sugar forms a cup. It can turn into a capsule or slime layer. It is anti-phagocytic.
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Glycocalyx
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What is the most common root of entry?
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respiratory tract
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These diseases are transmitted through the respiratory tract
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common cold, pneumonia, tuberculosis, flu, measles, smallpox
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These diseases are transmitted through the digestive system
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polio, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, cholera
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These diseases are transmitted through the reproductive system
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STD's
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A disease contracted parenterally was transmitted via
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an open wound
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Enzyme that breaks down connective tissue
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Hyaluronidase
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Enzyme that breaks down collagen
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Collagenase
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Enzyme that breaks down tissues, often RBC's
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Lecithinase
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Enzyme that breaks down fibrin
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Kinases
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Enzyme that promotes clotting, as a form of protection for the organism
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Coagulase
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This is an organism that produces collagenase
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Clostridium perfringens
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This is an organism that produces lecithinase.
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Clostridium perfringens
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This is an organism that produces coagulase
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Staphylococcus
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This enzyme destroys blood clots and is used medicinally for this reason.
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Streptokinases
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Toxin that breaks down white blood cells
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Leukocidins
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Name for White Blood Cells
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Leukocytes
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Name for red blood cells
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erythrocytes
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Toxin that breaks down red blood cells
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hemolysin
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Alpha hemolysis is
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partial breakdown of hemoglobin
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Beta hemolysis is
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Complete breakdown of hemoglobin
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Exotoxins are usually what type of substance
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proteins
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Most pathogens secrete:
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exotoxins
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This exotoxin is found in the digestive system, causes vomiting and diarhhea
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enterotoxin
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This exotoxin is found in the nervous system
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neurotoxin
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These exotoxins disrupt cells and cause blood vessels to dilate
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cytotoxins
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heat labile means:
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destroyed by heat
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Exotoxins have a ___ degree of specificity and a ___ degree of antigenicity.
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high
high |
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An altered version of a toxin
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toxoid
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An antibody to a toxin
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antitoxin
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This is a cytotoxin that inhibits protein synthesis in the cells
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diphterotoxin
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These are the two parts of dephtherotoxin and their functions
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Polypeptide A - active site which inhibits protein synthesis
Polypeptide B - binding site |
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This occurs when an organism receives a gene from a virus to make a toxin
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lysogenic conversion
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These can give a bacteria the gene to make toxins
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Virus or plasmids
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These dilate blood vessels and cause scarlet fever, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome
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Erythrogenics
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This neurotoxin does not allow acetylcholine synthesis, which results in paralysis
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botulinum
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This toxin prevents inhibitory nerve transmission, resulting in muscles contracting without relaxation.
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tetanospasmin
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This organism releases botulinum toxin
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Clostridium botulinum
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This organism releases tetanospasmin toxin
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Clostridium tetani
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Orgamisms which secrete exotoxins are usually gram ____
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positive
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The five ways for antimicrobials to act on bacteria
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cell wall
protein synthesis nucleic acid synthesis anti-metabolites cell membranes |
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Rules to use antimicrobial
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1) Selective toxicity to only the microbes
2) microbes do not become readily resistent 3) low hypersensitivity 4) soluble in body fluids 5) broad spectrums |
