Microbiology Test # 3 (Readings F.c)

Front 1

Agents that kill bacteria are called

Back 1

Bacteriocidal

Front 2

Agents that inhbit bacterial growth are called

Back 2

bacteriostatic

Front 3

Why does the autoclave work with steam instead of just heat?

Back 3

the pressure and moisture, have better pentrating power than dry heat and less drastic temperatures are needed (121)

Front 4

the time it takes to kill all cells at a given temperature is called

Back 4

thermal death time

Front 5

the time it takes to kill all cells at a given temperature is called

Back 5

thermal death time

Front 6

the time it takes to kill all cells at a given temperature is called

Back 6

thermal death time

Front 7

endospores are highly resistant to heat when they have a high concentration of ____________ and a low concentration of ___________.

Back 7

Small acid-soluble spore proteins; water

Front 8

True/False PAsteurization kills all organisms (sterilization)

Back 8

False

Front 9

UV radiation is useful in

Back 9

sterilizing surfaces because it has a low penetration power.

Front 10

Ionizing radiation is used to... How does it work? why is it dangerous?

Back 10

Sterilize...works by creating hydroxyl or hydride radicals which degrade cells.
It strips electrons off DNA and multicellular organisms are more suceptible.

Front 11

Radiation practices produce... which two isoptoes are commonly used.

Back 11

produce gamma or X-rays. 60 CO and 137 CS

Front 12

Depth fiters work by litteraly seperating organisms from liquid. what is the common filter used?

Back 12

HEPA filters (High efficiency particulate air)

Front 13

Depth filters vs membrane filters

Back 13

membrane filters trap particles on the surface of the filter, while, depth filters trap particles within the filter.

Front 14

Antimicrobial drugs are called... and they work on the concept of....

Back 14

chemotherapeutic drugs... Selective toxicity.

Front 15

Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis

Back 15

Pennicilin, Vancomycin, Bacitracin, cycloseine, cephalosporins (most common drugs used)

Front 16

Drugs that inhibit DNA gyrase

Back 16

Quinolones (3rd most commonly used drugs)

Front 17

Drugs that inhibit RNA elongation

Back 17

Actinomycin

Front 18

Drugs that inhibit Folic acid metabolism

Back 18

Trimethroprim and SULFONAMIDES

Front 19

Drugs that inhibit cytoplasmic membrane structure

Back 19

Daptomycin and Polymyxins

Front 20

Drugs that inhibit DNA directed RNA polymerase

Back 20

Rifampin and Streptovaricins

Front 21

Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis (50 SUBUNIT inhitors)

Back 21

Erythromycin (macrolides), Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Lincomycin

Front 22

Drugs that inhibit Protein synthesis (30 SUBUNIT inhibiors)

Back 22

Tetracyclines, Spectinomycin, Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Kanamycin, Nitrofurans

Front 23

Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

Back 23

Mupirocin, Puromycin

Front 24

Quinolines are Drugs that inhibit DNA gyrase. Why are the so useful?

Back 24

they can be used against any bacteria, because all gram + and - use DNA gyrase (commonly given for UTI's)

Front 25

Synthetic drugs

Back 25

those made in the lab exclusively ONLY Sulfanilamides and Quinolones

Front 26

All naturally occuring yet synthetically produced antimicrobial compounds are called

Back 26

Antibiotics

Front 27

Betta lactam anitibiotics all have a

Back 27

Betta lactam ring from which different substitutents are added making different drugs.

Front 28

Betta lactam drugs inhibit cell wall synthesis but specifically they.

Back 28

dont allow the CATALYSIS of the transpeptidation reaction to occur (cross-linkage of two glycan-linked peptide chains.

Front 29

The transpeptidation enzymes bind to Betta lactam drugs and are therefore known as

Back 29

pennicilin binding proteins (PBPs)

Front 30

Alternatively to Penicilin, Vancomycin does not bind to the enzymes which catylize transpeptidation but to....

Back 30

directly to the site of peptidoclycan precursors.

Front 31

Cephlasporins another class of Betta lactam drugs work the same by hindering cell wall synthesis but they bind to PBP's irreversibly to prevent cross-linkage of....

Back 31

peptidoglycan

Front 32

Erythromycin is in the family of antibiotics called..... they inhibit bacterial growth by.... and are commonly used in patients who...

Back 32

Macrolides; inhibit 50s ribosome; are allergic to pennicillin

Front 33

Tetracycline is a (broad/narrow) spectrum antibiotic?

Back 33

broad (very useful makesup 17% of the drug market)

Front 34

Protease inhibitors function by.... they are most useful in treatment against...

Back 34

inhibit processing of viral polypeptides and virus maturation; HIV

Front 35

prevent viral multiplication by stimulating the production of antiviral proteins in normal cells.

Back 35

Interferon (a form of cytokines)

Front 36

a complete virus particle that consists of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat sometimes with external envelopes and that is the extracellular infective form of a virus

Back 36

virion

Front 37

All of the following occur in BOTH photosynthesis and resportation EXCEPT

Back 37

a.) Synthesis of ATP
b.) establishment of proton gradient
c.) electron flow
d.) *splitting of H20 molecules

Front 38

what are the products of the dark reactions?

Back 38

ATP, NADPH and evolved O2. realize only ATP and NADPH are thus used in the dark rxns.

Front 39

e coli cannot translate HIV because

Back 39

HIV lacks a Shine Dalgarno sequence

Front 40

Psychophiles can like in cold environments becuause...

Back 40

their membranes are filled with UNsaturated fatty acids.

Front 41

what is the main electron carier in anabolism

Back 41

Oxygen (NOT NADH)

Front 42

the capsid proteins of phages,

Back 42

self assemble and protect the genetic material (they do NOT aid in lysogeny)

Front 43

in ___________ respiration, reoxidation of NADH is coupled to the PMF

Back 43

Anaerobic respiration

Front 44

in a latent viral infection, the infection

Back 44

re-occurs periodically

Front 45

An animal virus that integrates into the chromosome is called a

Back 45

PROVIRUS (not viorid or prophage)

Front 46

which are componenets of tetracycline

1.) an inhibiot of bacterial protein synthesis
2.) bacteriocidal agent
3.) a disinfectant

Back 46

ONLY # 1.
its not a bacteriocidal agent its a chemotherapeutic agent
its not a disinfectant (Toxic)

Front 47

the specificity of the flu virus for binding to the host is mediated by _________

Back 47

hemagglutinin

Front 48

Drugs that may inhibit Athlete's foot include

Back 48

Anti fungals or

Azoles and polyenes

Front 49

HIV Facts

Back 49

1.) mutation in gene for HIV protease can lead to drug resistance.
2.) the pol gene encodes reverse transcriptase
3.) HIV kills CD4 cells
4.) genome consists of 2 strands of +ssRNA

Front 50

Antimicrobial agent taht inhibits DNA gyrase

Back 50

novobiocin

Front 51

pasteurization

Back 51

71 for 15 sec or 63-65 for 30 minutes.

Front 52

why are microbes used in the biosynthesis of cortisone?

Back 52

the conversion of progesterone to hydroxy-progesterone is difficult by chemical synthesis... microbes facilitate.

Front 53

Citrate production occurs in what organism? how can you increase the yield of citrate production.

Back 53

Aspergillus Niger; lower iron content.

Front 54

true/false in complementation the wildtype phenotype of a mutatnt is restored by back mutation

Back 54

FALSE

Front 55

the genus of microbe that is most familiar with anitbiotic production

Back 55

Streptomyces

Front 56

Which of the following is true?

1.) Prions cause diesease by producing mutations in the genes encoding normal prions.
2.) C-J syndrome is a spongform encephalopathy

Back 56

2