Microbiology Test 3 Flashcards T&d

Front 1

Sterilization

Back 1

the killing or removal of all microorganisms in a material or on an object

Front 2

Disinfection

Back 2

the reduction of the number of pathogenic microorganisms to the point where they pose no danger of disease

Front 3

Antiseptic

Back 3

a chemical agent that can safely be used externally on living tissue to destroy microorganisms or to inhibit their growth

Front 4

Disinfectant

Back 4

a chemical agent used on inanimate objects to destroy microorganisms. Most do not kill spores

Front 5

Sanitizer

Back 5

a chemical agent typically used on food handling equipment and eating utensils to reduce bacterial numbers so as to meet public health standards.

Front 6

Bacteriostatic Agent

Back 6

an agent that inhbits the growth of bacteria

Front 7

Germicide

Back 7

an agent capable of killing microbes rapidly; some such agents effectively kill certain microorganisms but only inhibit the growth of others

Front 8

Bactericide

Back 8

an agent that kills bacteria. Most such agents do not kill spores

Front 9

Viricide

Back 9

an agent that inactivates viruses

Front 10

Fungicide

Back 10

an agent that kills fungi

Front 11

Sporocide

Back 11

An agent that kills bacterial endospores or fungal spores

Front 12

Soaps and Detergents

Back 12

Used for handwashing, sanitizing kitchen and dairy equipment

Front 13

Surfactants

Back 13

disosolve lipids, disrupt membranes, denature proteins, and inactivate enzymes in high concentrations; act as wetting agents in low concentrations.

Front 14

Surfactants

Back 14

Cationic detergents used to sanitize utensils, anionic detergents used to lauder clothes, clean household objects, quarternary ammonium compounds used on skin.

Front 15

Acids

Back 15

Food preservation

Front 16

Alkalis

Back 16

Found in soaps

Front 17

Heavy Metals

Back 17

silver nitrate is used to prevent gonococcal infections, mercury compounds to disinfect skin and inanimate objects, copper to inhibit algal growth, and selenium to inhibit fungal growth.

Front 18

Alcohols

Back 18

Isopropyl alcohol is used to disinfect skin, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol can be used in skin antiseptics

Front 19

Oxidizing agents

Back 19

hydrogen peroxide is used to clean puncture wounds, potassium permanganate to disinfect instruments.

Front 20

Dyes

Back 20

acridine is used to clean wounds, crystal violet to treat some protozoan and fungal infections

Front 21

Dry Heat

Back 21

oven heat to sterilize glassware and metal objects, open flame used to incinerate microorganisms

Front 22

Refrigeration

Back 22

keep food fresh for a few days, does not kill most microorganisms

Front 23

Freezing

Back 23

Used to keep fresh foods for several months, does not kill microorganisms,

Front 24

Ultraviolet Light

Back 24

used to reduce the number of microorganisms in air in operating rooms, animal rooms

Front 25

Ionizing Radiation

Back 25

used to sterilize plastics and pharmaceutical products and to preserve foods

Front 26

Broad Spectrum

Back 26

Penicillin, Tetracycline, Cephalosporin, Sulfonamide

Front 27

Narrow Spectrum

Back 27

Tobramycin, Isoniazid, Polymyxins, Streptomycin

Front 28

Broad: cephalosporins Narrow: lincomycin and clindamycin

Back 28

Bacteriocides Broad and Narrow

Front 29

Broad: chloramphenicol Narrow: Nystatin

Back 29

Yeasts Broad and Narrow

Front 30

Broad: Gentamycin and Ampicillin Narrow: Penicillin G and Erhtyromycin

Back 30

Gram-positive Bacteria Broad and narrow

Front 31

Broad: Kanamycin Narrow: polymyxins

Back 31

Gram-negative bacteria Broad and Narrow

Front 32

Broad: Tetracyclines Narrow: streptomycin

Back 32

Streptococci and some Gram-negative bacteria Broad and Narrow

Front 33

Broad: tetracyclines Narrow: vancomycin

Back 33

Staphylococci and some clostridia Broad and Narrow

Front 34

Penicillin, bacitracin, cephalosporin, vancomycin

Back 34

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Front 35

polymyxin

Back 35

disruption of cell membrane function

Front 36

tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol

Back 36

inhibition of protein synthesis

Front 37

rifamycin, quinolones, metronidazole

Back 37

inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Front 38

sulfonilamide, trimethoprim

Back 38

action as antimetabolites

Front 39

penicillin

Back 39

Microbe: Penicillium notatum and P. chrysogenum Antibiotic?

Front 40

Chloramphenicol

Back 40

Microbe: Streptomyces venezuelae Antibiotic?

Front 41

Rifampsin

Back 41

microbe: Streptomyces mediterranei Antibiotic?

Front 42

Tetracycline

Back 42

Microbe: Streptomyces aureofaciens Antibiotic?

Front 43

Vancomycin

Back 43

Microbe: streptomyces orientalis Antibiotic?

Front 44

Gentamicin

Back 44

Microbe: Micromonospora species Antibiotic?

Front 45

Bacitracin

Back 45

Microbe: bacillius licheniformis Antibiotic?

Front 46

tyrocidin

Back 46

Microbe: Bacillis Brevis Antibiotic?

Front 47

Hyaluronidase

Back 47

dissolves the cement that hold together the cells that line the intestinal tract.

Front 48

Coagulase

Back 48

triggers blood plasma clotting.

Front 49

Streptokinase

Back 49

dissolves blood clots

Front 50

Acute Disease

Back 50

disease in which symptoms develop rapidly and that runs its course quickly

Front 51

Chronic Disease

Back 51

disease in which symptoms develop slowly and disease is slow to disappear

Front 52

Latent Disease

Back 52

disease in which symptoms appear and/or reappear long after infection

Front 53

Local infection

Back 53

infection confined to a small region of the body

Front 54

Focal infection

Back 54

infection in a confined region from which pathogens travel to another region of the body

Front 55

Systemic Infection

Back 55

infection in which the pathogen is spread throughout the body, often by traveling through blood or lymph

Front 56

Septicemia

Back 56

presence and multiplication of pathogens in blood

Front 57

Bacteremia

Back 57

presence but not multiplication of bacteria in blood

Front 58

Viremia

Back 58

presence but not multiplication of viruses in blood

Front 59

Toxemia

Back 59

presence of toxins in blood

Front 60

Leukocytes

Back 60

Alpha-interferon. Cell source?

Front 61

Fibroblasts

Back 61

Beta-interferon Cell source?

Front 62

T lymphocytes and NK cells

Back 62

Gamma-interferon Cell source?

Front 63

recognition of self vs. nonself

Back 63

the ability of the immune system to tolerate host tissues while recognizing and destroying foreign substances, probably due to the destruction of clones and lymphocytes during embryonic development

Front 64

Specificity

Back 64

the ability of the immune system to react in a different and particular way to each foreign substance

Front 65

heterogeneity

Back 65

the ability of the immune system to respond in a specific way to a great variety of different foreign antigens

Front 66

memory

Back 66

the ability of the immune system to recognize and quickly respond to foreign substances to which is has previously repsonded

Front 67

IgA or IgG

Back 67

Neutralization of pathogens and toxins by these antibodies

Front 68

IgG

Back 68

Opsonization of bacteria by this antibody

Front 69

IgM or IgG

Back 69

antibodies Initiate cell lysis

Front 70

streptococcus pyogenes

Back 70

Agent of scarlet fever

Front 71

streptococcus pyogenes

Back 71

agent of Erysipelas

Front 72

Propionibacterium acnes

Back 72

agent of Acne

Front 73

Rubella Virus

Back 73

agent of Rubella

Front 74

Rubeola Virus

Back 74

agent of Measles

Front 75

Varicella-zoster virus

Back 75

agent of chicken pox

Front 76

Varicella-zoster virus

Back 76

agent of shingles

Front 77

Smallpox virus

Back 77

agent of smallpox

Front 78

human papillomavirus

Back 78

agent of warts

Front 79

mucor and Rhizopus species

Back 79

agent of Zycomycosis

Front 80

Cercariae of schistosomes

Back 80

agent of swimmers itch

Front 81

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 81

agent of ophthalmia neonatorum

Front 82

Adenovirus

Back 82

agent of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

Front 83

Enterovirus

Back 83

agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

Front 84

Loa Loa

Back 84

agent of loaiasis

Front 85

Clostridium perfringens

Back 85

agent of gas gangrene

Front 86

afipia felis and Bartonella (rochalimaea) henselae

Back 86

agent of cat scratch fever

Front 87

streptobacillus moniliformis

Back 87

agent of rat bite fever

Front 88

Sarcoptes scabei

Back 88

agent of scabies

Front 89

Fly larvae

Back 89

agent of myiasis