Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name 3 classes of anti-microbes that attack cell walls
|
B-lactam drugs
Vancomycin Bacitracin |
|
|
What 2 classes of anti-microbes attack nucleic acid synthesis?
|
Fluoroquinoles
Rifamycins |
|
|
What 2 classes of anti-microbes attack cell membranes?
|
Polymyxin B
Daptomycin |
|
|
What do Sulfonamides target?
|
Metabolic pathways. Similar to natural substrate PABA, causes competition. Competition inhibits growth, but does not kill. It is a bacteriostatic drug.
|
|
|
How do aminoglycosides work? (What do they bind to?)
|
Bind to 30S ribosomal unit which blocks initiation of transLATION. (not transcription)
|
|
|
What is the target for Fluoroquinolones?
|
Inhibits gyrase, making transcription impossible.
|
|
|
Which drug is used against Mycobacterium?
|
Rifamycin due to its ability to penetrate tissues
|
|
|
Which drug is trimethoprim synergistic with?
|
Sulfa drugs (Sulfonamides)
|
|
|
What part of the cell do polymyxins attack? What kind of cells do they attack?
|
Cell membranes, Gram negative and eukaryotic (not as much)
|
|
|
What is Isoniazid and ethambutol used to treat and how does it work?
|
Tuberculosis - Interferes with mycolic acid synthsis which makes the waxy cell wall material
|
|
|
What is streptomycin used to treat and how does it work?
|
Tuberculosis - Protein syntheses inhibitor
|
|
|
What does pyrazinamide work? What is it used for?
|
Mechanism unknown, used to treat tuberculosis
|
|
|
What does MIC stand for?
|
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
|
|
|
What does MBC stand for?
|
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration
|
|
|
What is the Kirby-Bauer test?
|
Diffusion of antibiotics measured on a petri plate
|
|
|
How do polyenes work and what are they used for?
|
Disrupts cell membrane by binding to ergosterol in fungus.
|
|
|
What is the most effective systemic antifungal?
|
Amphotericin B. Can cause kidney damage.
|
|
|
How are echinocandids used and how do they work?
|
Anti fungals, Interferes with glucan synthesis
|
|
|
How does griseofulvan work?
|
Inhibits cell division of fungi
|
|
|
How does flucytosine work?
|
Interferes with nucleic acid synthesis in fungus. Easily made resistant.
|
|
|
What is a trophozoite?
|
Feeding stage of protista (they have many stages)
|
|
|
How do sarcodinia stay motile?
|
They are amoebas and have pseudopods
|
|
|
How are mastigophora motile?
|
Pellicle and flagella
|
|
|
How does balantidium stay motile?
|
Cilia. Has trophozyte and cyst stage.
|
|
|
How are sporazoa motile?
|
They're not!!
|
|
|
What are hemoflagelates and how are they transmitted from one host to another?
|
Protazoa with undulating membrane, transmitted by insect vector
|
|
|
Where is lysozyme naturally found in the human body? What does it degrade?
|
Tear, saliva, mucus
Peptidoglycan |
|
|
Where can you find peroxidase enzymes in the human body?
|
milk and saliva and within phagocytes
|
|
|
Where are defensins found and what are they made of?
|
Peptides, found on mucous membranes and within phagocytic cells.
|
|
|
What are the 3 pathways of activation for the complementary system?
|
1. Alternative (C3b binds directly to surface cell)
2. Lectin-mediated (depends on host's mannan binding lectins 3. Classical (antibody with bound antigen attracts C) |
|
|
Which complementary molecules activate the inflammatory response?
|
C3a, C5a
|
|
|
Which complementary molecules creat MAC, causing cell lysis?
|
C5b, C6-C9
|
|
|
Which complementary molecules opsonizes for phagocytosis?
|
C3b
|
|
|
What part of the brain controls the body's temperature?
|
Hypothalmus
|
|
|
How does protease inhibitor therapy work and what is it used for?
|
Used to treat HIV patients. Inhibits processing of capsid proteins
|
|
|
What is the ultimate reference for classification of bacteria?
|
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
|
|
|
What is an antibiogram?
|
Test to differentiate between bacteria based on their susceptability to antibiotics
|
|
|
What is phage typing?
|
Test to differentiate between bacteria based on their susceptability to viruses
|
|
|
What is a serological test?
|
Tests for certain proteins in bacteria for classification (antigens)
|
|
|
Treponema pallidum - what is the simple name? Gram - or +?
|
Syphilis
Gram - |
|
|
Borrellia Burgdorferi - what is the simple name? Gram - or +?
|
Lyme disease
Gram + |
