Microbiology Test 3

Front 1

halophile

Back 1

bacteria that likes high osmotic conditions

Front 2

What are common antioxidants?

Back 2

Vitamin A, C, E
Selenium

Front 3

superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Back 3

enzyme that facilitates the reaction of superoxide and hydrogen into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide

Front 4

catalase

Back 4

enzyme which catalyzes the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Front 5

Which enzymes do facultative anaerobes have?

Back 5

SOD & Catalase

Front 6

What enzymes do obligate anaerobes have?

Back 6

No SOD or catalase

Front 7

Aerotolerant organisms:

Back 7

-dont't use oxygen
-have SOD
-will ferment
-have peroxidase

Front 8

Microaerophilics:

Back 8

either lack enzymes or have inefficient ones

Front 9

Anaerobic cultures are grown on:

Back 9

reducing medium (with Na thioglycolate), give e- to oxygen

Front 10

pH for bacteria is best kept at:

Back 10

7

Front 11

these get carbon from CO2

Back 11

autotrophs

Front 12

these get carbon from other organic compounds

Back 12

heterotrophs

Front 13

these get energy from light

Back 13

phototrophs

Front 14

these get energy from chemicals that take e-

Back 14

chemotrophs

Front 15

plants do this process to obtain carbon

Back 15

photosynthesis
CO2 + H2O -> CH2O + O2

Front 16

photoautotrophs that cannot produce oxygen and are harmed by it

Back 16

anoxygenic

Front 17

These are anoxygenic organisms

Back 17

sulfur bacteria

Front 18

The pigment in sulfur bacteria:

Back 18

bacteriochlorophyll

Front 19

Green sulfur bacteria have these membranes that absorb light

Back 19

chlorosomes

Front 20

Purple sulfur bacteria have these membranes that absorb light

Back 20

intracytoplasmic membranes

Front 21

Chlorobium is a type of this kind of bacteria

Back 21

green sulfur bacteria

Front 22

Chromatium is a type of this kind of bacteria

Back 22

purple sulfur bacteria

Front 23

Sulfur bacteria use this process for obtaining Oxygen

Back 23

H2S -> SO3(-2) -> SO4(-2)

Front 24

These get energy from molecules like H2S, N2

Back 24

Chemoautotrophs

Front 25

Chemoautotrophs use this process to gain energy

Back 25

N2 -> N2O -> NO2(-1) -> NO3(-1)

Front 26

This grouping of organisms (means of obtaining light and energy) is the largest

Back 26

Chemoheterotrophs

Front 27

This group consists of funguses and organisms that breakdown dead organic matter (decomposers)

Back 27

saprophytes

Front 28

Complex media

Back 28

illdefined media - not all contents are known

Front 29

Defined media

Back 29

mixture with all chemical compounds are known. Necessary for fastidious organisms

Front 30

Enriched media

Back 30

used for slow growing microbes. Increase small levels of desired microbes to detectable levels

Front 31

Selective media uses this to allow specific cultures to grow

Back 31

pH buffering, dyes

Front 32

Differential media

Back 32

indicator is put in the media to differentiate between organisms

Front 33

Snyder test uses what kind of media

Back 33

differential

Front 34

Viable cell counts downsides

Back 34

-have certain physical/chemical requirements
-takes time to grow
-form aggregates

Front 35

How many colonies are wanted per plate in serial dilutions?

Back 35

25-250

Front 36

The final e-acceptor in aerobic respiration is:

Back 36

Oxygen

Front 37

The final e-acceptor in anaerobic respiration is:

Back 37

inorganic substance (not O)

Front 38

The final e-acceptor in fermentation is:

Back 38

organic molecule

Front 39

Another name for glycolysis

Back 39

Embden-meyerhof-parnas pathway

Front 40

Where does fermentation get its ATP

Back 40

glycolysis

Front 41

This process is anaerobic and produces 2ATP and 6Pyruvic acids

Back 41

glycolysis

Front 42

Homofermentative
examples:

Back 42

organisms that only ferment lactic acid

streptococcus, lactobacillus

Front 43

Heterofermentative
examples:

Back 43

ferment lactic acid as well as other products

E. coli, Salmonella

Front 44

Synthesis of lipids is important for bacteria because:

Back 44

energy storage
mycolic acid
photosynthetic pigments

Front 45

Methods of killing bacteria:

Back 45

damage cell wall
change membrane permeability
damage proteins/enzymes
damage NA's

Front 46

Organisms die at a ____ rate.

Back 46

constant

Front 47

Wet heat sterilize temp?

Back 47

121C

Front 48

Lyophilization

Back 48

freeze-drying

Front 49

Ultraviolet

Back 49

non-ionizing radiation
260-270nm
bacteriocidal-causes dna/proteins to resonate, wobble and break. makes thyamine dimers

Front 50

Radiation

Back 50

ionizing radiation
splits apart atoms, makes free radicals

Front 51

Bacteriostatic methods

Back 51

cold, lyophilization

Front 52

Thermal death point

Back 52

lowest temp that all bacteria in a liquid culture will be killed in 10min

Front 53

Thermal death time

Back 53

length of time required to kill all bacteria at a given temperature

Front 54

an organism that grows best in moderate temperature (25-40C)

Back 54

mesophile

Front 55

these are capable of growth and reproduction at very cold temperatures

Back 55

psychrotrophs

Front 56

these are capable of growth and reproduction at very hot temperatures

Back 56

thermophiles