Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
196 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the 4 gram-postive Spore-forming bacilli discused?
|
Bacillus Anthracis,Clostidium perfringens, Clostridium tetani, clostridium botulinum
|
|
What are the main charactoristics of Bacillus anthracis
|
Large Cells, Aerobic(air loving) found in huffed mamals.
|
|
What is the main carrier of bacillus Anthracis
|
Birds.
|
|
What are the 3 forms of transmission of Anthrax
|
Cutanious (enters skin)
Pulmonary (inhailation of spore) Intestinal (eaten) 100%fatal. |
|
What are the treatments for anthrax
|
Penacillin or tetracycline
|
|
What are the main charectoristics of Clostrdium Perfringens
|
Anaerobic(hates air) spores found in soil, found in human intestine, skin.
|
|
What is the main symptoms of Clostridium perfringens?
|
Anaerobic cellulitis (mild swelling no alpha toxin) Gas Gangrene jagged cut/wound or dead tissue +alpha toxins.
|
|
what is the main form of transmission for Clostridium perfringens?
|
spores infected into dead skin(anerobic)
|
|
What are the treatments for Clostridium
|
Removel of dead skin, amputation hyperbaric oxgen, cephalosporin and penacillan
|
|
What is the main control of Clostridium pefringens
|
Rapid cleaning of would, surgical repair.
|
|
What group of people are at a higher risk from Clostridium perfringens
|
Diabetics
|
|
What is the main charactoristics of Clostrdium Tetani
|
causes Tetnis, Anaerobic, found in soul(common)
|
|
What are the main symptoms of Clostridium tetani?
|
Involuntary contraction of skelital muscles(lock jaw) nero toxin causes dead(diaphram)
|
|
What is the mode of transmission for Clostrdium tetani?
|
Deep puncture wound, deep spliters of thorns.
|
|
What is the treatment for Tetani
|
tetnis immune globulin anti toxin
|
|
What is the mode of control for Clostrdium tetani?
|
DPT, TD shots, (vaccine)
|
|
what are the main charactoristics of Clostridium botulinum
|
causes botulism (type of food poisoning) Anerobic 8 spore types
|
|
What are the worst spore types for clostridium botulinum
|
A, B, E are the worst type E is beta toxin, A,B are Alpha toxin.
|
|
What are the symptoms of Botulinum
|
blocks acetylcholine(nero transmitor) show symptoms in 12-72hrs
|
|
What is the treatment for botulism
|
trivalant horse anti-toxin(kill toxin) Gastrick washing.
|
|
What is the control for botulism
|
Boil food(denature toxin wont kill spore)
Presure cook foods(kills spore) Vaccine(not used offen) |
|
What are the 2 Gram-positive non-spore-forming bacilla studied in outline #3
|
Listeria monocytogenes
Lactobacillus spp |
|
What is a source of Listeria moncytogenes
|
Aged cheese
|
|
What does Monocytogenes cause
|
Listeriosis (reporatory trac infection)
|
|
What are the symptoms of Listeria monocytogenes
|
diareaha (mild) high fever)
|
|
What are the forms of transmission for Listeria monocytogens
|
can cross plancenta causes premature birth or death of fetus, main sorce is food poisioning(aged cheese)
|
|
what are the 2 treatments for Listeria monocytogenes
|
amphicillin, and let it run its course(natural recovery)
|
|
What is the control for moncytogenes?
|
Care with food production, pasterization, cooking foods.
|
|
what are the main charactoristics of lactobacillus spp
|
normal flora in mouth, high acid producer(from the breakdown of carbohydrate)
|
|
what symptoms does lactobacillius cause
|
dental carries(cavities) from build up of plaque
|
|
What is the mode of transmission for lactobacillus spp
|
its oppertunistic(normal flora)
|
|
What is the treatment for lactobacillus spp
|
fill or pull tooth, removel of plague
|
|
What is the control for lactobacillus spp
|
good dental hygene(bush teeth)
|
|
What are the 2 Gram-Positive Irregulgular non-spore-forming bacilli listed is outline#3
|
Corybacterium diptheriae
Propionbacterium acnes |
|
What are the main charactoristics of propionibacterium acnes
|
cause Acne (vulgaris lesions)Facultative anaerobic. normal flora (hormonal link)
|
|
What are the symptoms of propionibacterium acnes
|
pimples (bacteria enters open pores get cloged with oil creating a anerobic environment which allows bacteria to grow best (anaerobic)
|
|
What is are the main charactoristics of Corynebacterium diptheriae
|
Diplo arangment causes diptheriae (diptherio toxin)
club shape. may not stain consistently(irregular) |
|
What are the symptoms of diptheriae
|
Diptherio toxin, effects lungs heat nerve cells. toxin inhibits protien synthesis results in fever,soar throat, vommiting, enlargement of lymph glands, psudo membrane lungs/trachea/brochial tubes
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission for diptheriae
|
airsols(main) body fluid(vommit) contaminated milk
|
|
What is the treatment for diptheriae
|
Penacillin(distroy cell) in conjunction with diptheriae anti toxin.(kill toxin)
|
|
What is the control for diptheriae
|
DPT, and DT shots
|
|
what are the 2 Acid fast, weak gram positive bacilli listed in outline#3
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium leprae |
|
What are the main charactoristics of Tuberculosis
|
Causes slime layer in lungs, aerobic, slow growing 48hrs(doubling time)
|
|
What is the primary stage of tuberculosis
|
1. Primary stage, initial infection results in formation of tubercules(holes lungs)
|
|
What stage come after the primary stage (tuberculosis)
|
Either dormant of active stage
|
|
What is the dormant stage of tuberculosis
|
Tubecules are encased by immune system.
|
|
What is the active stage of tuberculosis
|
Actively growing, violent coff, low fever weight loss, lossing lung mass, slow asfixiation
|
|
What is the diseminated stage of tuberculosis
|
spread to other organs, bones, fatal.
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission for tuberculosis
|
aerisols, 20-30 cells for transmission
|
|
What is the treatment for tuberculosis
|
Treat quickly(diagnose) Penacillan, amphicillin, any antibiotic (rotated) good diet,less stress oxigen.
|
|
What is the control for tuberculosis
|
Vaccine, regular TB test.
|
|
What is the control for tuberculosis
|
vaccine, regular TB testing
|
|
What is the main charactoristic for mycobacterium leprae
|
Causes lepraecey, likes tempature around 36deg, effects fingers,ears,and toes initialy 72hr doubling time.
|
|
What are the 2 forms of lepraecey
|
tuberculoid form, small legions very shallow(6 months, very slow healing
Lepromatus lepracy deep severe legions muscles/bones causes nerve damage, nodgles skin(bumps) sensory loss, and inhibbits T-cell response |
|
What is the mode of transmisson of lepraecey
|
dirrect contact
|
|
What is the treatment for lepraecey
|
fast rapid treatment, rotation of antibiotic rotation of antibiotics, ritampin,dapsone, penacillin, erythromicin, amphocillin
|
|
What is the control for lepraecey
|
Inate immunity, trial vaccine, issolation(leprae collonies)
|
|
what are the main charactoristics of the family enterobacteriaceae
|
Gram-Negative Aerobic bacilli oxidase negative.
|
|
What is the main charactoristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
common nausocomial(healh care offices) infection. Very motile, very fast growing, common in burn woulds(prevents healing)
|
|
What are the symptoms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
Pnumonia, unrinary track infection, Puss(bluish) florecent, odor like crushed grapes, hard to kill
|
|
What is the main form of transmission of aeruginosa
|
Aerisol, dirrect contact.
|
|
What is the treatment for aeruginosa
|
cephalosporins. (no good antibacteria)
|
|
what is the control for aruginosa
|
Good anticeptic practices
|
|
What are the main charactoristics for Brucella abortis
|
Causes Bangs disease or Brucellosis. Small in size found in huff mamals blood vestles rupture liver, spleen and kidney
|
|
What are the syptoms of Brucella abortis
|
Causes spontanious abortions(miscarages) huff manals. Mild fever, headache,chills not life threatening(most cases)
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission of Brucella abortus
|
contact with body fluid of infected animal
|
|
What is the treatment for Brucella abortus
|
Tetracycline with streptomycin
|
|
What is the control for Brucella abortus
|
Quarenteen animals, pasterization, Vaccine (animals) distroy infected animals
|
|
What is the main charactoristic for Bordetella pertussis
|
Causes pertussis (whooping coff) Lives on blood(partialy) short lived, common childhood infection
|
|
What are the 2 stages of pertussis
|
Stage1. mild coff, runny nose, and sneezing 1-2 weeks
stage2. coff progress to violent(involuntary) weezing, fatigue and immune supression(can cause other infections resulting in death) |
|
What is the mode of transmission for pertusis
|
aerisols
|
|
what is the treatment for pertusis
|
Erythromycin, penacillin, oxigen
|
|
what is the control for pertusis
|
DPT shots
|
|
When where DPT, td,DT, and DTaP vaccines established
|
eary 1940's in seperated form, combined in 1950's
|
|
What is the sequence of DPT shots
|
Serious of 3 first 3 months
1yo 5yo 10yo 15yo TD give to control cost every 10 years after |
|
what is the main charactoristics of legionella pneumophila
|
causes legionaires disease, prefer standing water, heat tolerant.
|
|
What symptoms does legionaires disease cause
|
High fever, pneumonia,
|
|
What is the mode of transmission of legionaires disease
|
aerisols, yesr past common nasocimial infection(heating/cooling system in hospitals)
|
|
What is the treatment for legionaires disease
|
erythromycin
|
|
What is the control for for ligionaries disease
|
eliminate standing water, drain evaporative cooler, pool
|
|
What is the main charactoristics of E-coli
|
150 strains, part of normal flora of human intestine, us familiar strains cause intestinal problems
|
|
What are the symptoms of E-coli
|
Diareaha, high fluid loss (dehydration) #1 cause of infant death dehydration)
|
|
What is the mode of transmission of E-coli
|
Fecal oral route
|
|
What is the treatment for E-coli
|
replace fluids, penacillin(extreme cases)
|
|
What is the control for E-coli
|
Good sanitation, cook foods, filter, chlorinate water.
|
|
what is the main charactoristic of klebsiella pneumoiae
|
Very large capsule(hard for t-cell to attack) common nonsocomial infection
|
|
What are the syptoms of Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
Cause, pneumonia, menigitis, urinary trac infection, blood infection
|
|
What is the modeo of transmission for Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
aerisol and any dirrect contract.
|
|
What is the treatment for Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
Penacillin
|
|
what is the control for Klebsiella pneumoniae
|
good anticeptic practices
|
|
What are the main charactoristics for Salmonella typhi
|
Causes typhold fever. drink 10k+ bacteria cell to cause infection, microbes attach to small intestine. Microbes reproduce inside t-cell
|
|
What are the symptoms of Salmonella typhi
|
High fever 104+ diareha, abdominal pain, vommiting 2-3 weeks mortality rate 10% 3% of survivors become carriers.
|
|
What is the main mode of tranmision for Salmonella typhi
|
fecal oral route(from water)
|
|
What is the treatment for Salmonella typhi
|
Replace fluids, Chloramphenicals(medication)
|
|
What is the control for Salmonella typhi
|
vaccine, good sanitation, removal of gallblader of carriers
|
|
what is the main charactoristics of Salmonella enteritidis
|
salmonella food poisoning/gasteoenteritis takes 24-36 hours to mature
|
|
What are the symptoms of Salmonella enteritidis
|
fever, nausia, diareha, abdominal pain, dehydration, can last 2-5 days(full recovery)
|
|
What is the treatment for Salmonella enteritidis
|
replace fluids(dehydration)
|
|
What is the control for Salmonella enteritidis
|
cook food, pasterization, good sanitation
|
|
What is the main charactoristics for Shigella spp.
|
Bacillary dysentary or shigellosis, 4 strains dystentary most dangerious
boydii sonnei flexeri most common lest dangerious cause diareha, abdominal cramps, bloody stool(black) |
|
What is the mode of transmission of shigella
|
fecal oral route.
|
|
What is the treatment for shigella
|
Penacillin, replace fluids
|
|
What is the control for Shigella
|
Cook pasturize food, good sanitation
|
|
What is the main charactoristics of Yersinia pestis
|
Stains Red darker red @poles causes bubonic plague, shows bipolar stain. has capsules, coagulase murine toxin distroys tissue
|
|
What are the 1st stage of Bubonic plague
|
1. Sylvatic plauge, passed from animal to animal in nature, mice, rats, rabbits, squarles, passed by fleas
|
|
what is the 2nd stage of bubonic plague
|
Urban plague, crossed over to domesticated animals(pets)
|
|
What is the 3rd stage of bubonic plague
|
Human plague, flea bites human(2-5 cells cause infection) bite turns red with blue outside. clogs organs, lyphatic system causes big legions called bubos bleeding(internal/external cases deat
|
|
What is the 4th stage of bubonic plague
|
Pneumonic stage reaches lungs from progressive stage 3, then spred by aerisols and not fleas. 100% fatal
|
|
What are the modes of transmission for bubonic plague
|
flea bite, Stage 4 aerisols
|
|
What is the treatment for bobonic plague
|
Fast treatment, streptomycin and tetracycline
|
|
what is the control for bubonic plague
|
vaccine, insect repellent(DEET) dont kill rodents(blood supply for fleas wont spred to stage 2)
|
|
What in the main charactoristics of Haemophilus influenzae
|
Gram-negative aerobic oxidase positive. blood loving, oval shaped capsule. common in children, types a,b,c,d,e,f type B is the most serious
|
|
What are the symptoms of Haemophilus influenzae
|
Start in sinus's. spread to ears, spred to lungs, causes pnuemonia, fever, vommiting, death rate 30% can cause acute bacterial meningitis 90%fatal
|
|
What is the mode of transmission of Haemophilus influenzae
|
Aerisols
|
|
what is the treatment for Haemophilus influenzae
|
amphicillin with chroramphenicol
|
|
What is the control for Haemophilus influenzae
|
Type 13 HIB vaccine poor
|
|
What are main charactoristics of Eikenella corrodens
|
gram-negative bacilli. cause gingivitis infection(gums) slightly hemolitic, normal flora in mouth
|
|
What are the symptoms of Eikenella corrodens
|
over grows, causes tedernous, cellular swelling
|
|
Whats the transmission of Eikenella corrodens
|
Opertunistic(nomral flora)
|
|
What is the treatment for Eikenella corrodens
|
Good dental hygene(brush floss)
|
|
What are the 3 Spirochetes listed in outline#3
|
Treponema pallidum, treponema vincentii
borrelia burgdorferi |
|
what is the main charactoristics of Treponema pallidum
|
causes syphillus yaws long skinny stains
|
|
What is the first stage of syphellus
|
Primary stage, cancres (soars) on genitals
|
|
what is the second stage of syphillus
|
Dormant or latent but still infected 50%may fall into this stage
|
|
what is the 3rd stage of syphillus
|
mild rash, fever, still transmitable. 50% fall into this stage after primary
|
|
What is the 4th stage of sypiillus
|
tertiary stage 30% progress from 2nd stage. deteriates brain/spinal cord memory loss, insainity, and cause gummas (large soars) 5-6 years will cause death brain damage.
|
|
What is the mode of transmission of syphillus
|
sexual, and congenital causes miscarage/spontaious abortion
|
|
what is the treatment for syphillus
|
Penacillin
|
|
What is the control for syphillus
|
avoid sexual contact with infected, tracking sex parners/history reporting and control of infection
|
|
What is the main charactoristics of Treponema vincentii
|
Causes acute ulcerative Gingivitis (trench mouth)
spiralcute, normal flora |
|
what are the symptoms of Vincentii
|
over growing causes decay of gums, bleeding gums, pain and tooth loss.
|
|
What is the transmission of Vincentii
|
opertunitisic
|
|
what is the treatment for Vincentii
|
good dental hygene broad specrum antibiotic penacillin
|
|
What is the main charactoristic of Borrelia Burdorferi
|
causes lime disease(ticks)
large spriralcutes with flagella very motile found in deep wooded areas |
|
what is the main mode of tranmission of lime disease
|
bites(ticks)
|
|
what is the treatment for lime disease
|
tetricycline
|
|
What is the control for lime disease
|
insect repellent (deet) protective clothing
|
|
what are the 3 curiform-gram-negative bacteria listed in outline#3
|
Vibro cholerae
helicobacter pylori campylobacter jejuni |
|
What is the main charactoristic of Vibrio cholera
|
cause cholera strain #01 in humans, single flagella, fairly motile. requires 10,000,000,00 (10_8th) cells to be ingested. cells penitrate membranes of small intestine and multiply. takes 3-6 hours to show symptoms.
|
|
What are the symptoms of Vibro Cholerae
|
diareaha and vommiting, rapid dehydration 1liter an hour
|
|
What is main mode of transmission for cholera
|
contaminated water, 55% die with in 48hrs of injection of bacteria, fecal oral route in water
|
|
What is the treatment for cholerea
|
Replace fluids tetracycline & sulfa drugs
|
|
what is the control for cholera
|
vaccination and good sanitation, fecal oral route
|
|
What is the main charactoristics of Helicobater pylori
|
Causes gastro interistis(small intestine) Stomach ulcers acid resistent.
|
|
What are the main symptoms of Helicobater pylori
|
cause ulcers, linked to stomach canser/weight loss
|
|
What is the mode of transmission for Helicobater pylori
|
fecal oral. or oral to oral.
|
|
what is the treatment for Helicobater pylori
|
Zantac (acid reducer) clarithromycin (kill bacteria)
|
|
what is the control for for helicobater pylori
|
diet reduce spicy foods/alchol intake
|
|
what are the main charactoristics of Campylobacter jejuni
|
Cause gastrointeritis (stomach) gull shapesd bacteria (diplovibro likes high co2 levels which lowers h20 micro aerophillic
|
|
What are the symptoms of Campylobacter jejuni
|
fever, diareaha, abdominal pain.
|
|
What is the main mode of transmission for Campylobacter jejuni
|
food poisioning (ingestion of infected food-dairy)
|
|
What is the treatment for Campylobacter jejuni
|
erythromycin. let it run its course
|
|
what is the control for Campylobacter jejuni
|
pasterization, cooking foods. good sanitation
|
|
What is the main charactoristics of Rickettsiaceae
|
stain negative. Zoonotic needs atp spread by animals ticks obligate parasites.
|
|
What are the main characteristics of Rickettsia prowazakii
|
Small. less than a micron in size cause epidemic typus (common in tropical area)
|
|
What are the symptoms of Rickettsia prowazakii
|
14day duration for syptoms, fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, posible rash(limbs) infects kidneys low urin output kidney shutdown causing death.
|
|
what is the mode of tranmission of Rickettsia prowazakii
|
spread by fecal material of lice into bite wounds/scratching
|
|
what is the treatment for Rickettsia prowazakii
|
tetricycline, chlorumphenical
|
|
what is the control for Rickettsia prowazakii
|
vaccine, insect repellent
|
|
What are the main charactoristics of Rickettsia rickettsii
|
Causes rocky mt spotted fever, 40day incubation period
|
|
What are the symptoms of rocky mt spotted fever
|
fever, spotted rash, chills, headache, muscle pain, internal organ damage in the heart central nevrious system
|
|
What is the mode of tranmission for Spotten fever
|
tick bites
|
|
what is the treatment for spotted fever
|
tetricycline
|
|
What is the control for spotted fever
|
vaccine, insect repellent
|
|
what are the main charactoristics for Coxiella burnetii
|
causes Q-fever
|
|
What are the symptoms of Coxiella burnetii
|
fever, may infect liver, heat, lungs
|
|
what is the treatment for Coxiella burnetii
|
tetricycline
|
|
what is the mode of transmission for Burnetii
|
tick bite to animals(initially)
|
|
what is the control for burnetii
|
vaccine, pasterization, insect repellent.
|
|
What is the main charactoristics of Bartonella(Rochalimaea) quintana
|
causes trench fever
|
|
What are the symptoms of trench fever
|
5 to 6 days fever, headache, chills, lower leg pain, possible rash
|
|
what is the mode of transmission for Quintana
|
lice fecal material in bite wound
|
|
What is the treatment for Quintana
|
tetricycline, ride it out and become infected again (reocurring)
|
|
What is the control for Quintana
|
insect repellent
|
|
What are the main charactoristics of the Chlamydiaceae family
|
Very small bacteria, 0.2-0.4 micron in size obligate intercelluar parisites(cant produce atp)
|
|
what are the 3 forms of clamydia
|
Trachomia membrane in the eye causes cellular swelling crusting of eye #cause of child blindness.
2. urethritis sexual transmitted puss dischange burning sensation(urination) 3 lyphogranuloma venereum causes lyph nodes to become granular(sexually transmitted) |
|
What is the percetage of americans (adults) have clamydia
|
10%(adults) 70% of infected dont know they have it, females are A-symtomatic (show no symptoms but are carriers.
|
|
How is clamydia transmited
|
Congenital(birthing process) sexual transmitted, and fomites(infected objects towels clothing ect)
|
|
what is the treatment for clamydia
|
tetricycline
|
|
what is the control for clamydia
|
sexual discreation, pre birth testing, sliver nitrate eye drops, good hygene wash towels.
|
|
What are the main charactoristics of the Mycoplama group
|
no cell wall stain red. very small in size
|
|
what are the main charactoristics of Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
Normal flora, filimentus cocci, causes typical pneumonia 9-12 weeks for infection slow development to chronic stage lasts weeks.
|
|
What are the symptoms of Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
re-occuring
|
|
what is the mode of transmission for Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
aerisols associated with over crouded areas.
|
|
What is the treatment for Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
tetricycline with erythromycin
|
|
What is the control for Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
most humans have born immunity
|
|
What are the main charactoristics of Mycoplasma hominis
|
causes pelvic inflamation disease primarily in females
|
|
What are the symptoms of Mycoplasma hominis
|
ureatheritis(pelvic organs)
|
|
What is the mode of transmission for Mycoplasma hominis
|
sexual transmission or mother to child(congential)
|
|
What is the treatment for Mycoplasma hominis
|
self contrained, sever cases tetricyline
|
|
what is the control Mycoplasma hominis
|
avoid sexual contact
|
|
What are the main charactoristics of Ureaplasma urealyticum
|
causes pelvic inflamitory primarily males
|
|
What are the symptoms of Ureaplasma urealyticum
|
infection of ureathra bladder, kidneys, prostate, causes cellulitis where infected
|
|
what is the main mode of transmission for Ureaplasma urealyticum
|
can cross placenta causes miscarriges, sexual trasnmitted,
|
|
what is the treatment for Ureaplasma urealyticum
|
mostly self limiting tetricycline(extreme caese)
|
|
what is the control for Ureaplasma urealyticum, what is the control for Ureaplasma urealyticum
|
avoid sexual contact
|