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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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quorem sensing |
complex cell-cell communication in biofilms |
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chemically defined media |
exact chemical composition is known & rare fastidous organisms are those require many growth factors provided in chemically defined media |
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complex media |
varies from batch to batch extracts and digests yeasts, meats, or plants |
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reducing media |
used for cultivation of anaerobic bacteria contains thioglycolate that combines with O2 to deplete it |
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selective media |
suppress unwanted microbes & encourage desired microbes |
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differential media |
allow distinguishing of colonies of different microbes on the same plate |
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turbidity |
measurement of cloudiness with a spectrophotometer |
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norovirus |
a very common cause of gastro disorders, not life threatening in normal cases, VERY contagious & easily spread |
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sterilization |
removing and destroying all microbial life including endospores usually using heat |
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disinfection |
destroying harmful microorganisms usually involving vegetative organisms using chemical disinfectants on NONLIVING surfaces |
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antisepsis |
destroying harmful microorganisms from living tissue |
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sepsis |
bacterial contamination |
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asepsis |
absence of significant contamination |
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degerming |
the mechanical removal of microbes from a limited area |
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sanitization |
lowering microbial counts on eating utensils to safe levels |
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biocide (germicise |
treatments that kill microbes |
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bacteriostasis |
inhibiting, not killing microbes |
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pasteurization |
reduces spoilage organisms and pathogens |
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lyophilization |
freeze drying for microbial control (common) |
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desication |
absence of water prevents metabolism |
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requirements for growth physical |
temperature, pH, osmotic pressure |
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requirements for growth chemical |
-carbon -nitrogen, sulfer, phosphorus -trace elements -oxygen -organic growth factors |
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psychrophiles |
cold loving ~ 15C & mostly on oceanic floor or arctic regions |
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psychrotrophs |
grow in cold temperatures ~20-25C very important in food spoilage |
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mesophiles |
moderate temperature loving ~25-40C most common bacteria |
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thermophiles |
heat loving ~50-60C in sun soils & hot springs |
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hyperthermophiles |
optimum growth temperatures >80C many are archae live in very hot springs or thermal vents |
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acidophiles |
grow in acidic environments even as low as 1 |
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plasmolysis |
contraction of the protoplast of a plant cell as a result of loss of water from the cell |
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extreme/obligate halophiles |
require high osmotic pressure (high salt) |
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facultative halophiles |
tolerate high osmotic pressure but do not require it |
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chemoheterotrophs |
use organic molecules as energy |
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Autotrophs |
use CO2 for energy |
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obligate aerobes |
require oxygen |
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facultative aerobes |
grow via fermentation or aerobic respiration when oxygen is not available |
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obligate anaerobes |
unable to use oxygen and are harmed by it |
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aerotolerant anaerobes |
tolerate but cannot use oxygen |
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microaerophiles |
require oxygen concentration lower than air |
