Microbiology - Test 1 Immunology

Front 1

What happens during phagocytic barriers? What proteins are involved the barriers?

Back 1

1. PRR (pattern recognition receptor) on the macophage binds with PAMP (pathogen-associated molecular pattern) on the bacteria. PRR does not binds to eukaryotic cells, it's specific to bacteria. Binding of PRR with PAMP induces engulfment.
2. Phagosome fuses with lysosome to form phagolysosome. Phagolysosome contains anti-bacterial enzymes.

Front 2

what are the 5 mediators of Innate Immunity

Back 2

physical barriers
physiologic barriers
phagocytic barriers
inglammatory barriers
complement

Front 3

Ag binds to ____ or _____

Back 3

antibody or T cell receptor

Front 4

the surface peptide of Ag where Ab binds to

Back 4

Antigenic determinant or epitope

Front 5

function of hemogglutinin of influenza virus

Back 5

assist virus getting into cells

Front 6

5 classes of human Ig. What Ig structure is the class based on?

Back 6

A, D, E, G, M
constant region of the heavy chain

Front 7

2 different families of light chain.

Back 7

kappa and lambda

Front 8

the function of J chain

Back 8

connect >2 Ig monomers together

Front 9

Which Ig form polymer?

Back 9

IgA dimer
IgM pentamer

Front 10

antibodies exist in one of 3 physical states

Back 10

1. Integrated into the plasma cell membrane of a B cell acting as an antigen receptor. 2. Associated with Fc receptors on the surfaces of numerous cell types. 3. In a soluble form, dispersed in bodily fluids including serum and saliva.

Front 11

3 immunologically privileged sites, no immunological rx occur here

Back 11

brain, amniotic fluid, anterior lens capsule

Front 12

sites where IgG, dimeric IgA and IgE are found

Back 12

IgG: connective tissue, developing fetus
dimeric IgA: glandular tissue, digestive track, lungs
IgE: epithelial/mucosal surfaces

Front 13

predominant Ig in serum and secretion

Back 13

serum: IgG
secretion: dimeric IgA

Front 14

effector functions of Ab

Back 14

simple Ag-Ab interactions
interactions with accessory cells
interactions with accessory molecules

Front 15

simple Ag-Ab interactions

Back 15

neutralization of virus, toxins, bacterial cells

Front 16

Fc-gamma are found on the surface on what cell types?

Back 16

mast cells, macrophages, eosinophills, NK cells, neutrophils

Front 17

dimeric IgA molecules are secreted by what types of cell?

Back 17

B cells and plasma cells

Front 18

phagocytosis can be carried out by what 4 cells?

Back 18

neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells.

Front 19

opsonization
Which type of Ab mediate opsonization?

Back 19

get pathogens to be engulfed by phagocytic cells, by coating the Ag with Ab's.
IgG mediate opsonization.

Front 20

what cell surface protein binds to IgA to facilitate its crossing epithelial cells to get into the gut lumen?

Back 20

poly-Ig receptors

Front 21

where does poly-Ig receptor binds to on IgA?

Back 21

J chain

Front 22

what's the function of secretory component on dimeric IgA?

Back 22

stabiliza dimeric IgA in harsh conditions

Front 23

secretory components are produced by what cell type?

Back 23

mucosal epithelial cells

Front 24

Antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxity (ADCC) involve which cells and which Ig? ADCC attachs both intra and extracellular pathogens.

Back 24

cells: eosinophils and NK
Ig: IgG (viral infection) and IgE (parasitic infection)

Front 25

function of IgE

Back 25

involved in parasitic infection, allergic

Front 26

function of IgG

Back 26

protect the bodies against, virus, bacteria and fungi thru agglutinization, neutralization, opsonization and ADCC.

Front 27

C3a, C4a and C5a, proteolytic complement fragments, are capable of inducing what?

Back 27

inflammation

Front 28

C3b and C5a acts as

Back 28

opsonins by binding to specific receptors on the surface of phagocytic cells

Front 29

C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 (terminal complement proteins)

Back 29

polymerize to form the membrane attach complex. This generates pores in the plasma membrane of the cell and lead to osmotic lysis.

Front 30

end results of classical pathways (functions of complements)

Back 30

1. opsonization and phagocytosis
2. stimulation of inflammatory rx
3. complement-mediated cytolysis

Front 31

classical pathway are part of innate or acquired immunity?

Back 31

part of acquired immunity

Front 32

Mb-lectin and alternative pathways are innate or acquired immunity?

Back 32

innate immunity

Front 33

CD3, CD4, CD8 are found on T or B cells?

Back 33

T cells

Front 34

CD19 are found where

Back 34

B cells

Front 35

in the absence of interaction of T cell induced B cell differentiation, B cells differentiate into

Back 35

IgM producing B cells

Front 36

cytokine produced by T helper cell induce B cells to undergo clonal expansion and plasma differentiation to secret Ig. IFN-gamma, IL4, and TGF-beta (cytokines) induce B cells to secrete?

Back 36

IFN-y: IgG subclasses
IL-4: IgE
TGF-b: IgA

Front 37

skin graft rejection is mediated by T cells or B cells?

Back 37

T cells

Front 38

MHC Class I structure

Back 38

alpha (1-3), beta 2-microglulin
extension of alpha 3 is inserted into PM

Front 39

MHC Class II structure

Back 39

alpha (1-2), beta (1-2)
alpha2 and beta2 are inserted into PM

Front 40

what cells express MHC class I?
what cells express MHC class II?

Back 40

MHC class I: all nucleated cells
MHC class II: B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated T cells

Front 41

in humans, MHC genes are referred to ____, located on chromosome _____, they are ____morphic.
MHC alleles are _____ expressed

Back 41

human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) genes
chromosome 6
polymorphic
codominantly expressed

Front 42

beta 2 microglobulin gene is encoded on chromosome ___

Back 42

chromosome 2, beta 2-microglobulin gene is part of the MHC Class I

Front 43

CD4+ helper T cells recognize peptides bound to Class ___ MHC molecules

Back 43

Class II MHC molecules

Front 44

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells recognize peptides bound to Class ___ molecuels

Back 44

Class I MHC molecuels

Front 45

professional Ag presenting cells are

Back 45

cells that have both MHC I and II, and they are dendritic cells, macrophages, B lymphocytes and activated T cells

Front 46

T cells only recognize proteins. T/F

Back 46

T

Front 47

Class II MHC pathway

Back 47

endocytosis of extracellular protein -> degradation of the protein -> binding of degraded protein and MHC II -> presentation of peptide-MHC II complex -> CD4 T cell recognition

Front 48

Class I MHC pathway

Back 48

Cytosolic foreign protein degraded by proteasome -> binding of MHC I with degraded peptide -> presentation of foreign peptide -> CD8 CTL cell recognition

Front 49

CD3 structure and function

Back 49

CD 3 molecules are complex of 4 different proteins, trasmembrane and cytoplasmic domains and they are always associated with TCR. The CD3 function is to amplify signal transduction from TCR.

Front 50

T cell antigen receptor (TCR) structure

Back 50

T cell Ag receptor is composed of 2 heterodimer chains: alpha and beta, have transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain, glycoprotein. There are variable and constant region. variable region make the amino terminal end and constant region make up the carboxyl terminal end.

Front 51

IL2 secreted by CD4 T cells bind to IL-2R on CD8 T cells

Back 51

clonal expansion of T cells. Differentiate into CD8 CTL cells and memory CD8 T cells

Front 52

perforin and granzymes

Back 52

they are effector molecules of cellular immunity (CTL T cells)

Front 53

perforin

Back 53

creates pores on the PM of effected cells

Front 54

granzymes

Back 54

cleave caspases and activate them

Front 55

Subsets of T helper cells

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Th1 cell and Th2 cell

Front 56

functions of Th1 and Th2 cells

Back 56

Th1 cells: activates macrophages, induce B cells to produce opsonizing Ab's
Th2 cells: activate B cells predominantly to make neutralizing Ab, has effects on macrophages

Front 57

cytokines produced by Th2 subset

Back 57

IL4 and IL5, and they activates IgE for antiparasitic activity

Front 58

IL10

Back 58

secreted by Th2, suppresses macrophage activation or Th1 activation of macriphages

Front 59

IFN-y

Back 59

secreted by Th1 subset for viral infection. macrophage activation, induces B cells to produce opsonizing Ab.

Front 60

In order for TCR activation to happen, TCR recognize two parts on the MHC molecule

Back 60

1. polymorphic residue on the MHC molecule
2. presented foreign peptide.

Front 61

2 step process of T cell activation.

Back 61

1. a primary signal derived from the binding of the peptide:MHC complex by the T cell receptor.
2. secondary signals that are provided by co-stimulatory molecules expressed on the the surface of the antigen presenting cell as well as cytokines.

Front 62

cytokines produced by Th1 (subset of helper cell)

Back 62

IFN-y

Front 63

cytokines produced by Th2 (subset of helper cell)

Back 63

IL-4, IL-5, IL10

Front 64

tumor cell rejection is mediated by

Back 64

cytotoxic T cells