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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are defensins?
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35-40 amino acids in length
Positively-charged (arginine) Amphipathic (hydrophobic and hydrophilic) Disrupt membrane integrity Formed as inactive precursors (Paneth cells) Activated as a result of exposure to pathogen |
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What regulates alpha defensin synthesis?
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Constitutive; HD5 & HD6 are also upregulated by sexually transmitted infection
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What regulates Beta defensin synthesis?
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Constitutive and induced by infection
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How do defensins work?
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Disrupt Membranes
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What main cell type produces defensins?
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Paneth
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What are neutrophils?
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short lived phagocytes called to the site of infection; multilobular nucleus; kill any microorganism they come into contact with
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What are Macrophages?
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tissue sentries that recognize invaders and are involved in normal cell turnover; derived from monocyte
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What characterizes Mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils?
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cytoplasmic granules and are mainly involved in responses to worms and allergy
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What are dendritic cells?
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messengers that travel to the lymph node, present antigen, and activate T cells
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What are T cells?
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involved in cell-mediated immunity; may be cytotoxic or helper
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What are B cells?
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involved in humoral immunity; differentiate into plasma cells which produce antibodies
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What three cells are lympocytes?
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T cells, B cells, and NK cells
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What are NK cells?
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contain lytic granules that can kill cells that either express foreign (viral) proteins at the cell surface, to which antibody bind, or that no longer express normal host proteins on their surface (loss of MHC expression).
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What are Eosinophils?
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release granules upon recognition of antibody-coated parasites as an adaptation to remove parasitic worms from an infected host, and are linked to allergic responses
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What are Basophils?
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Basophils play a role in anti-parasitic immunity that has not been fully defined, and have also been linked to allergic responses
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What are Mast cells?
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contain granules (lipid mediators of inflammation: histamine and leukotrienes), and they destroy parasites through release of these granules (although, in a worm-free communities, these cells have been identified as major contributors to allergic responses, possibly due to their diminished need for parasite removal)
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What are the four main categories of white blood cells?
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Granulocytes, Mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes
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What are the four granulocytes?
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Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, Mast cell
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What happens when a resident macrophage encounters a microbe?
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produces cytokines and chemokines
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What are the mannose binding lectins?
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part of teh collectin family; SP-A and SP-D
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