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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Robert Koch
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discovered anthrax
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Koch's postulates
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1. show that the agent is present in an individual with the disease
2. grow the agent as a pure culture outside the host 3. innoculate a healthy individual with the pure culture, and the individual becomes sick. 4. reisolate the agent from the individual |
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Steps in Gram Stain
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1. crystal violet (primary stain)
2. iodine (mordant) 3. ethonal (decolorizing) 4. safranin(counterstain) |
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Pili
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short hallow tubes
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fimbrae
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not as long as flagella, used to help hold on to things
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flagella
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1. made up of protien
2. used for movement |
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monotrichous
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one flagella
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peritrichious
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flagella all over the place
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amphitrichous
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flagella on both sides
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Carbohydrates
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Monomers: Amino Acids
Examples: Sucrose, Amylose, Cellulose Function: Engery Storage |
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Proteins
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Monomers: Amino Acids
Examples: Enzyme, Collagen, Function: everything |
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Lipids
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Monomers: Fatty acids, Glycerol, Cholesterol
Examples: PHospholipids, Steroids, Monomers Function: Stores Info |
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Nucleic Acids
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Monomers: Nucleotide- Sugar, phosphate
Examples: DNA, RNA, ATD, NADH Function Info, energy |
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Robert Hooke
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first microscopist to describe fungi
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Robert Koch
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developed a series of postulates that are used to tell if a microorganizm is the causative agent of a disease
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Ehrlich
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Used the first synthetic chemotherapeutic agent
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Fleming
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Discovered penicillian
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Hooke
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first to observe cells in plant material and to name them.
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Koch
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proved that microorganisms cause disease
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Lister
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first to employ disinfectants in surgical procedures
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Pasteur
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disproved that microorganisms can cause disease
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van Leeuwenhoek
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first to observe bacteria
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Gram +
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Reaction: purple
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Gram +
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Cell Wall:
* no outer membrane * 30-80 nm thick * techolic acid in cell wall |
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Gram +
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no paeriplasmic space
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Gram -
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Reaction: pink
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Gram -
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Cell Wall:
* outer membrane * 6-12 nm thick * no techolic acid in cell wall |
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Gram -
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Periplasmic space
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cell wall
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made of Peptidoglycan
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selective media
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contain substances that either favors the growth of particular microorganisms or inhibits the growth of unwanted ones
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differential media
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formulated such that either the presence of visible changes in the medium or differences in the appearances of colonies helps microbiologists differentiate among different kinds of bacteria growing on the medium.
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Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) Augar
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*selective media for gram negative
*selective for lactose fermenting bacteria |
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Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA)
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*differentiate staphylococcus auneus and staphylococcus epidermus
*selective and differential |
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Blood Agar
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*differential for hemolytic microorganisms
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cell wall
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in prokaryotic and some eukaryoitc cells, structural boundary, composed of polysaccharide chains that provides shape and support against osmotic pressure.
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prokaryote
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any unicellular microorganism that lacks a nucleus. includes bacteria and archaea.
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eukaryote
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Any organism made up of cells containing a nucleus composed of genetic material surrounded by a distinct membrane. Classification includes animals, plants, algae, fungi, and protozoa.
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Bacteria
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Prokaryotic microorganisms typically having cell walls composed of peptidoglycan
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Virus
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tiny infectious acellular agent with nucleic acid surrounded by proteinaceous capsomers that form a coat called a capsid.
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Protozoa
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Single-celled eukaryotes that lack a cell wall and are similar to animals in thier nutritional needs and structure.
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