Microbiology - Test 1

Front 1

What are the major groups of micoorganisms?

Back 1

-Eubacteria, Archea, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae, Viruses

Front 2

Whats is bacteriology?

Back 2

The study of bacteris

Front 3

What's virology?

Back 3

The study of viruses

Front 4

What is mycology?

Back 4

The study of fungi

Front 5

Who built a compound microscope (1665)?

Back 5

Robert Hooke

Front 6

Who discovered the microbial world using a simple and reported seeing "animalcules" which most likely were bacteria and protozoa (1683)?

Back 6

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Front 7

When yeast converts sugar to alcohol in the absence of air?

Back 7

Fermentation

Front 8

Who developed the first vaccine (against small pox)?

Back 8

1796-Jenner

Front 9

Who discovered penicillin in 1928?

Back 9

Fleming

Front 10

Who purified and crystalized the tobacco mosaic virus (1935)?

Back 10

Stanley

Front 11

Who observed the activities of viruses(early 1900's)?

Back 11

Iwanowski and Bejjerinck

Front 12

Whp proved that spontaneous generation does not exist using a long-necked flask bent the neck into S-shaped curve (1861)?

Back 12

Louis Pasteur

Front 13

What is a disease caused by a microorganism?

Back 13

Infectious disease

Front 14

What is a new or reoccurring infectious disease? (e.g. mad cow disease)

Back 14

emerging infectious disease

Front 15

What is the use of microorganisma and other bilogical systems for the benefit of mankind (e.g. vacine development)?

Back 15

biotechnology

Front 16

When is heating wine destroy microbes that cause spoilage (i.e. disease of wine) used?

Back 16

Pasteurization

Front 17

If microorganisms cause disease of wine, maybe they cause disease of humans and other animals

Back 17

The germ theory of disease

Front 18

Who proposed the germ theory of disease? (Diseassee is caused by invisible particles or seeds that went from one person to another.

Back 18

Fracastoro (1546)

Front 19

What surgeon started treating phenol over the wounds while operating. (as a result, The infection rate dropped.)

Back 19

Lister (1867)

Front 20

Eucaryotic cells
plant cells

Back 20

Fungi

Front 21

Procaryotic cells
plant cells

Back 21

Eubacteria

Front 22

Eucaryotic cells
animal cells

Back 22

Protozoa

Front 23

Procaryotic cells
Plant cells

Back 23

Archea

Front 24

Eucaryotic cells
Plant cells

Back 24

Algae

Front 25

-Are the sugars
-Saccharide refers to sugar
-General formula is (CH2O)n
Contain alcohol groups and an aldehyde or ketp group
-Are classified into 3 groups: Monosaccharide - A simple sugar (glucose)

Back 25

Cabohydrates

Front 26

Monosaccharide

Back 26

Glucose

Front 27

Two monosaccharide joined by a glycosidic bond

Back 27

Disaccharide

Front 28

A polymer of eight or more monosaccharides in a branched or linear chain

Back 28

Polysaccharide (real macromolecule)

Front 29

Dehydration Synthesis and Hydrolysis

Back 29

Release of water

Front 30

Three domains

Back 30

Eubacteria, Archea, and eukarya

Front 31

Functions of a capsule

Back 31

1. Serves as an adhesin
2. Prevents dehydration of the cell
3. prevents phagocytosis of the cell
4. Cannot be taken out by immune system

Front 32

1. Fats, phospholipids, waxes
2. Are not soluble in water
3. Are nonpolar
4. Are composed of carbon and hydrogen, but may have other elements, too.

Back 32

Lipids

Front 33

1. Simple lipids or fats or triglycerides
2. Complex lipids
3. Steriods

Back 33

Three categories of lipids

Front 34

1. Simple lipids are made of glycerol and three fattyy acids
2. Ester bonds links fatty acids to glycerol
3. Ligases break ester bond to give fatty acids and glycerol
4. Fatty acids are a source of energy

Back 34

Lipids

Front 35

Hydrophilic Head

Back 35

Water Loving (attract)

Front 36

Hydrophobic Tail

Back 36

Water Hating (repel)

Front 37

Complex lipids

Back 37

Contain phosphorous, nitrogen, or sulfur in addition to fatty acids and glycerol

Front 38

Steroids

Back 38

Have several interconnected ring structures (Sterols found in the membrane - cholesterol)

Front 39

-Polymers made of amino acids
-There are 20 naturally occuring amino acids

Back 39

Proteins

Front 40

What joins two amino acids between the carbon atom of the -COOH group of one amino acid and the nitrogen atom of the NH2 group of another?

Back 40

Peptide bond

Front 41

What is a chain consisting of 20 or more amino acids?

Back 41

Polypeptide Acids

Front 42

What is a sequence of amino acids?

Back 42

Primary structure

Front 43

What is the breakdown of secondary, tertiary, and quanternary structure occurs by heat, acid, and some disinfectants?

Back 43

Denaturation

Front 44

Conjugated proteins

Back 44

1. Glycoproteins have sugar attached.
2. Nucleoproteins have nucleic acids attached.
3. Lipoproteins have lipid attached.
4. Phosporprotein have phosphate attached.

Front 45

What is composed of a phosphate group, a pentone, and a nitrogenous group?

Back 45

Nucleotide

Front 46

Thymine(Uracil) or cystosine

Back 46

Pyrimidines

Front 47

Guanine or Adenine

Back 47

Purines

Front 48

What nucleotide contains adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphates and is a high energy compound?

Back 48

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Front 49

Any carbohydrate containg structure on the surface of a cell

Back 49

Glycocalyx

Front 50

What is usually made of carbohydrate, may be made of protein?

Back 50

Capsule

Front 51

A glycocalyx made of sugars

Back 51

EPS (extracelluar polysaccharide)

Front 52

Functions of a capsule

Back 52

a. Serves a s an antigen
b. Protects against phagocytosis
c. Prevent dehydration
d. Adhesion
e. Source of nutrients

Front 53

Flagella

Back 53

Function: Motility, incuding taxis, movement toward or away from an environment (e.g. chemotaxis and phtotaxis)

Front 54

Three parts of flagella

Back 54

filament (made of flaggellin), hook (connects the filament to the basal body), and bsal body (that anchors te flagella to the cell envelope)

Front 55

What are macromolecules?

Back 55

A large organic molecule

Front 56

What are carbohydrates?

Back 56

An organic compaound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen preseint in a 2:1 ratio (e.g. starches, sugars, and cellulose)

Front 57

How are carbohydrates made? from what?

Back 57

by Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. (alcohol groups, aldehyde 0r keto group)

Front 58

What are lipids?

Back 58

A non-water (nonpolar) soluable organic molecule, including triglyercides, phospholipids, and sterols

Front 59

How are lipids made? From what?

Back 59

Made of glycerol and three fatty acids, ester bond links fatty acids to glycerol

Front 60

What are sterols? Where are they found?

Back 60

A specific group of lipids. including cholesterol and hormones. Found in the membrane of eucaryotic cells

Front 61

What are phospholipids?

Back 61

A complex lipisd composed of glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group. Role: Membrane structure.

Front 62

What are proteins?

Back 62

A large molecule containing carbon, hydrogen, ovygen, mitrogen (and sulfur)

Front 63

How are proteins made? from what?

Back 63

Polymers made of amino acids. An amino acid has an alpha carbo. Alpha carbon has NH2 group, COOH group, Hydrogen, R group (e.g. H, CH, OH, etc)

Front 64

What is an amino acid?

Back 64

An organic acid containing na amino group and a carboxyl group