Microbiology - Prokaryotic Cells/microorganisms (Chapter 4)

Front 1

Flagella

Back 1

used for motility

Front 2

Fimbriae

Back 2

function in adhering to the environment

Front 3

pili

Back 3

provide a means for genetic exchange

Front 4

glycocalyx

Back 4

may be a slime layer or a capsule

Front 5

peptidoglycan

Back 5

Macromolecule gives cell membrane rigidity

Front 6

Gram Stain

Back 6

A stain technique that shows gram positive or negative bacteria

Front 7

Gram Positive

Back 7

Mostly made of peptidoglycan often leaving no space between it and the cell wall

Front 8

Periplasmic space

Back 8

Small space that may be seen in some cells between the cell membrane and cell wall

Front 9

Gram Negative

Back 9

Contains an outer membrane and a thinner shell of peptidoglycan

Front 10

Outer membrane

Back 10

In gram negative cells, it is similar to the cell membrane but has lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins

Front 11

Lipopolysachcharide

Back 11

composed of lipids bound to polysaccharides. The lipid may become toxic when released during infections

Front 12

Porins

Back 12

lipoprotein in the OM that regulates some molecules from entering and leaving the cell.

Front 13

Bacterial chromosome

Back 13

hereditary material of most bacteria in a single circular strand of DNA

Front 14

Nucleoid

Back 14

A central area of the cell where DNA aggregates where a nucleus would be in Eukaryotes

Front 15

Ribosomes

Back 15

sites of protein synthesis

Front 16

Inclusions

Back 16

during periods of nutrient abundance, bacteria can store nutrients as inclusion bodies

Front 17

Bacterial actin

Back 17

help stabilize shape making up the cytoskeleton

Front 18

endospore

Back 18

microbes that are capable of withstanding hostile conditions

Front 19

Coccus

Back 19

bacterial shape which can be perfect spheres but can exist as oval, bean-shape, or even pointed

Front 20

Bacillus

Back 20

bacterial shape which is cylindrical and can be called rod.

Front 21

coccobacillus

Back 21

Bacterial shape that resembles a rod but is short and plump

Front 22

vibrio

Back 22

Bacterial shape that resembles bacillus but is gently curved

Front 23

Spirillum

Back 23

Bacterial shape that is a rigid helix

Front 24

Spirochete

Back 24

Bacterial shape is similar to spirillum but has a more flexible structure

Front 25

Pleomorphic

Back 25

individual variations in cell wall structure from heredity or nutrient difference

Front 26

Arrangement

Back 26

categorize cell by style of grouping. Main factors include pattern of division and how cells remain attached afterward.