Microbiology Packet 5

Front 1

the ability of an infection to cause disease

Back 1

pathogenicity

Front 2

when an organism enters a host and multiplies

Back 2

infection

Front 3

when an infection impairs some host cell functions

Back 3

disease

Front 4

organisms of your normal flora which cause disease when your resistance factors are compromised by other diseases

Back 4

opportunistic pathogens

Front 5

organisms that cause desease even in healthy individuals

Back 5

primary pathogens

Front 6

microbes kept in lab cultures which through continuously culturing them outside the normal host,have decreased or no ability to cause disease

Back 6

attenuated pathogens

Front 7

the degree of a pathogens ability to cause disease is called

Back 7

virulence

Front 8

hyaluronidase

Back 8

hydrolyzes "tissue cement"

Front 9

coagulase

Back 9

deposits a fibrin wall around microbes to protect them until infectious dose is reached

Front 10

hemolysins

Back 10

lyse red blood cells

Front 11

keratinase

Back 11

digests skin hair and nails

Front 12

the presence of toxins in the blood

Back 12

toxemia

Front 13

the ingestion of toxins

Back 13

intoxication

Front 14

exotoxins

Back 14

-secreted by microbes
-both gram + and gram-
-can travel to target organs
-neurotoxins botulinum,tetani

Front 15

endotoxins

Back 15

-usually gram- bacteria
-when LPS layer disintegrates
-heat stable no toxoids
-rarely fatal fever,shock

Front 16

first line of defense

Back 16

skin and mucous membranes

Front 17

second line of defense

Back 17

phagocytic wbc's

Front 18

third line of defense

Back 18

B and T lymphocytes

Front 19

pathogenic microbes and infectious diseases recognized since 1970

Back 19

rotavirus,ebola virus, legionnaires disease,e-coli,lyme disease,hiv,hep c,sars

Front 20

Areas of the body that are sterile

Back 20

heart,circulatory system
liver,kidneys,bladder,lungs,brain,spinal cord,csf,muscles,bones,sinuses,glands,internal eye,middle inner ear

Front 21

Primary cause of acne in adolescents and young adults

Back 21

propionibacterium

Front 22

rubella

Back 22

German measles

Front 23

variola

Back 23

smallpox

Front 24

tineas

Back 24

ringworm

Front 25

rubeola

Back 25

red measles

Front 26

s.mutans and lactobacillus cause this

Back 26

dental caries

Front 27

causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands

Back 27

mumps

Front 28

what do tears contain that flush bacteria from ocular surfaces

Back 28

lysozymes

Front 29

bordatella pertussis

Back 29

whooping cough

Front 30

What is the number one infectious killer in the usa

Back 30

tuberculosis

Front 31

streptococcus pyogenes

Back 31

pharyngitis

Front 32

corynebacterium diphitheriae

Back 32

diptheria

Front 33

streptococcus pneumoniae
staphylococcus aureus
klebsiella pneumoniae

Back 33

classic pneumonia

Front 34

legionella pneumophila

Back 34

legionnaires disease

Front 35

chlamydia psittaci, pneumonia like disease transmitted from birds to humans

Back 35

ornithosis

Front 36

influenza
new strains cause epidemics

Back 36

flu

Front 37

rhinoviruses
coronaviruses

Back 37

common cold

Front 38

haemophilus influenzae

Back 38

otitis media

Front 39

helicobacter pylori

Back 39

gastritis,peptic ulcers

Front 40

clostridium difficile

Back 40

opportunistic infection seen after ab therapy

Front 41

proteus mirabilis

Back 41

urinary tract infections

Front 42

streptococcus pyogenes hint (Ignaz Semmelweiss)

Back 42

peurperal fever

Front 43

leptospira interrogans

Back 43

leptospirosis

Front 44

stapyylococcus aureus from surgical packing or tampons

Back 44

toxic shock syndrome

Front 45

trichomonas vaginalis

Back 45

trichomoniasis

Front 46

neisseria gonorrhoeae

Back 46

gonorrhea

Front 47

treponema pallidum

Back 47

syphillus

Front 48

primary stage of syphillus

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painless chancre

Front 49

secondary stage of syphillus

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body rash

Front 50

tertiary stage

Back 50

50% cause gummas

Front 51

chlamydia trachomatis

Back 51

non-gonococcal urethritis

Front 52

hsv-1

Back 52

causes fever blisters

Front 53

hsv-2

Back 53

causes genital herpes

Front 54

herpes gladiatorum

Back 54

can occur on the skin of an athlete when they come in close contact (wrestlers)

Front 55

human papilloma viruses

Back 55

genital warts

Front 56

cytomegalovirus

Back 56

human herpes virus 5 can cause blindness in hiv+

Front 57

a retrovirus that contains a pair of single stranded rna molecules and reverse transcriptase

Back 57

human immunodeficiency syndrome

Front 58

Modes of transmission for HIV

Back 58

sexual intercourse,blood contaminated needles,breast milk,organ transplants,artificial insemination,blood transfusion & products,placental transfer, medical accidnents

Front 59

What are the storch organisms (group of infectious organisms that pregnant mothers should be aware of)

Back 59

syphilis
toxoplasmosis
other
rubella
chlamydia
herpes

Front 60

Which white blood cels are granulocytes

Back 60

neutrophils
eosiinophils
basophils

Front 61

which white blood cells are agranulocytes

Back 61

monocytes and lymphocytes

Front 62

Neutrophils

Back 62

-highly phagocytic
-accumulate in early stages of infection
-most common circulating wbc

Front 63

Eosinophils

Back 63

-weakly phagocytic
-common increase seen in parasitic infection
-commonly seen in allergic responses

Front 64

Basophils

Back 64

-acts in immediate types of allergies to release histamines
-not phagocytic

Front 65

monocytes

Back 65

-highly phagocytic
-called macrophages once they enter the body tissues and leave blood vessels
-usually rise in # in later infection
-antigen presenting cells to 3rd line of defense

Front 66

lymphocytes

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-part of 3rd line
-consists of B and T lymphocytes

Front 67

rubor

Back 67

redness

Front 68

calor

Back 68

heat

Front 69

dolor

Back 69

pain

Front 70

proteins produced by an infected cell that are released into the neighboring cells to warn them of viral attack

Back 70

Interferon the "Paul Reveres" The virus is coming the virus is coming

Front 71

an odd group of lymphocytes that are non-specific and non-phagocytic which roam the body surveying for cancer cells or cells invaded by viruses;their function is enhanced by interferon

Back 71

Natural killer cells

Front 72

bacillus anthracis

Back 72

anthrax
-biological warfare agent

Front 73

epstein barr virus

Back 73

infectious mononucleosis

Front 74

toxoplasma gondii

Back 74

toxoplasmosis
-inhaled cysts in cat feces
-undercooked pork and beef

Front 75

lyssavirus

Back 75

rabies
-most comonly from raccoons in the south but bats,foxes,skunks and cats also

Front 76

haemophilus influenzae
neisseria meningitidis
streptococcus pneumoniae
all cause what nervous system disease

Back 76

bacterial meningitis

Front 77

lyssavirus cause what nervous system disease

Back 77

rabies

Front 78

mycobacterium leprae causes what nervous system disease

Back 78

hansens disease (leprosy)

Front 79

clostridium tetani cause what nervous system disease and results in what

Back 79

tetanus (lockjaw)
-results in contraction of muscles

Front 80

clostridium botulinum

Back 80

botulism
-floppy baby syndrome (no honey)

Front 81

what is the first antibody produced after an antigen is detected

Back 81

IgM

Front 82

antibody that can pass through the placenta and is the primary humoral defense used to neutralize toxins and virused allowing better phagocytosis of viruses and bacteria

Back 82

IgG

Front 83

primary immunoglobulin of mucus- also found in colostrum

Back 83

IgA

Front 84

the hypersensitivity immunoglobulin
can lead to anaphylactic shock and death

Back 84

IgE

Front 85

this antibody function is not well known

Back 85

IgD

Front 86

the clumping of antigens together which results in fewer macrophages needed to phagocytize

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agglutination

Front 87

antibodies coating antigens to attract macrophages and enhance phagocytosis

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opsonization

Front 88

by coating the surfaces of bacteria, the antigens are blocked from adhering to cell surfaces

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neutralization

Front 89

antibodies attached to bacterial antigens attract compliment proteins which cause a hole in the cell wall of the bacterium leading to lyse

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complement fixation

Front 90

What are vaccines

Back 90

dead or weakened bacteria and viruses or weakened toxins used to produce an antibody response (titer)

Front 91

DTaP

Back 91

diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis

Front 92

IPV,OP

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inactive polio virus or oral polio virus

Front 93

MMR

Back 93

mumps measles and rubella

Front 94

HepB

Back 94

hepatitis B 1st dose now given before hospital discharge

Front 95

HepA

Back 95

hepatitis A

Front 96

Hib

Back 96

haemophilus influenza b

Front 97

PCv

Back 97

pneumococcal vaccine

Front 98

influenza

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flu-shot

Front 99

Passive immunity

Back 99

only temporary
-antibodies from mother
-artificially with antiserum or antitoxin made by other animals

Front 100

What are the 2 groups of helper cells?

Back 100

Th=helper T cells

Td=delayed hypersensitivity T cells

Front 101

What are CD8 cells

Back 101

Tc= cytotoxic T cells
-antiviral and anticancer cells

Front 102

Whate do suppressor T cells do

Back 102

suppress the actions of other cells