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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Types of fungal infection?
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Superficial, Subcutaneous, Mucosal, Systemic
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Fungi that can cause Superficial infections?
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dermatophytes, candida
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Fungi that can cause Subcutaneous infection?
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Chromomycosis, Mycetoma, Sporotrichosis, Psudallescheria boydii
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Fungi that can cause mucosal infections?
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Candida only
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Where is candida found?
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normal flora of GI and female reproductive tracts
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Where can candida grow on mucosa?
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anywhere form the mouth to the anus, also vagina and bladder!
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If part of normal flora, how does candida cause symtoms?
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overgrowth on mucous membranes
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What are presidposing factors for candida?
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antibacterial or steroid use
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What are the types of mucosal infection by candida?
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oral, vaginitis, esophagitis, cystits (bladder from catheter/diabetes)
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Most common candida species?
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50-60% are albicans
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Candida that is rarely resistant to drug therapy?
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Candida albicans
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Candida that has icreased rates in elderly, ill, immunocompromised and RESISTANT to some antifungals
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C. glabrata
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Candida associated with post-abdominal surgery
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C. Tropicalis (GI tract is source)
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Candida associated with neonatal outbreaks, ICU with central catheter
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C. Parapsilosis
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Candida that causes infection in neutropenics and more resistant to antifungals?
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C. krusei
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Candida resistant to amphotericin B and can be treated with fluconazole
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C. lusitanie
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What might severe overgrowth of Candida cause?
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a systemic fungal infection
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Treatment of systemic candida?
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Echinocandin, amphotericin B, fluconazole
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What organs can be targeted by candida?
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eye, bone, heart, everywhere.
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What fungal infection closely resembles septic shock?
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candida! mortality rate is around 40%
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Fungi assocaited with pigeon dropping inhalation by HIV pts?
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cryptococcus neoformans
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Disease casued by Cryptococcus neoformans?
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lung inhalation to cause inhalation; this may cause other disease
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Most common disease outside of pnemonia involving cryptococcus neoformans?
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meningitis
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Dignosis for cryptococcus?
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Crypto antigen
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What would give a positive cryptococcus antigen test?
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Cryptococcus, Trichosporon beigelli
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Areas endemic with Histoplasmosis?
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Midwest and SA and Caribbean
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Cave explorer with chronic caviatary pneumonia
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Histoplasmosis and emphysema or diabetes
(chronic cavitary pnemonia usually smokers w emphysema) |
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Stained slide revealing intracellular yeasts in macrophages
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histoplasmosis (or leshmaniasis)
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Will give a false positive with blastomyces
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urine histo antigen test for disseminated disease
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Where is blastomycosis dermatitidis endemic?
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midwest moist soils
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Chicago hunter/fishermen and his dog both develop a chronic pnemonia that mimics TB
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blastomycosis
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What does blasto pnemonia mimic?
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TB and lung cancer
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broad based budding
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blastomycosis
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Desert traveller that has CNS issues and skin lesions
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disseminated coccidioidomycosis (VERY RARE). test him for HIV/pregnancy
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San Joaquin Valley Fever
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triade: fever, joint pain, erythema nodosum
- immunologic response to coccidioidomycosis |
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Treatment for coccidiodio myosis meningitis
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supportive care; NO CURE!
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Diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis?
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Serology test for IgG/IgM, even in cns
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Paracoccidioidomycosis ecology
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soil endemic to central and South America
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Pot smoker coughing up blood
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Aspergilloma got big enough to rupture arteries
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Pts sensitive to Aspergillus?
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atopic pts (ABPA), HIV pts (invasice aspergillosis)
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Structure of aspergillus?
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septate hyphae [not dipmorphic, only mold] at 45 degree angles
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Diseases caused by aspergillus?
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pnemonia, sinuses, orbit, brain, TISSUE NECROSIS! (must be debrided bc there is no blood supply for antibiotics)
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Rhino-cerebral or sino-orbital disease in diabetics with ketoacidosis
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Zygomycetes
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Yeast that divides by bianary fission?
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Penicilliosis
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Owner of bamboo rat has pnemonia. What would you see under microscope?
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Penicillium marneffei, aseptate dimorphic fungus in 90 degree branching
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Diagosis for PCP?
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bronchoscopy lavage fluid silver stain
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silver stain positive for cysts
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Pneumocystis carinii pnemonia
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