Microbiology: Mycology

Front 1

Fungal spores sexual or asexual?

Back 1

Most are asexual

Front 2

Transmission of coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis?

Back 2

inhalation of asexual spores

Front 3

What are Conidia?

Back 3

asexual fungal spores (e.g. blastoconidia, arthroconidia)

Front 4

Macrophage filled with disease is common in what condition?

Back 4

Histoplasmosis - 3-5 um
Found in Mississippi and Ohio river valleys. Causes pneumonia
*Histo hides in macrophages

Front 5

Bird or bat droppings - person is at risk for what?

Back 5

Histoplamosis

Front 6

Broad based bud organism are found where?

Back 6

It is Blastomycosis - found in states east of mississippi River and Central America

Front 7

What does Blastomycosis cause?

Back 7

inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone - form granulomatous nodules

Front 8

Disease endemic to SW United States. What would you see?

Back 8

Spherule filled with endospores - disease is Coccidioidomycosis - causes meningitis and pneumonia; can disseminate to bone and skin
*spherules are much larger than RBC

Front 9

disease that cause rate increases after an earthquake?

Back 9

Coccidioidomycosis - after earthquakes spherules are thrown up in the air

Front 10

San Joaquin vally or desert (desert bumps) "valley fever"

Back 10

Coccidioidomycosis - causes meningitis, pneumonia can disseminate to bone and skin

Front 11

Disease that looks like a captian's wheel

Back 11

paracoccidioidomycosis - common in latin america

Front 12

Dimorphic fungi, mold in soil (low temperatures) and yeast in tissue (higher tissues)

Back 12

Histoplasmosis
Blastomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis
only exception is Coccidioidomycosis (which is a spherule in tissue)

Front 13

Treatment for Histo, Blasto, Coccidio, Paracoccidio,

Back 13

local infection: fluconazole, ketoconazole
systemic infection: amphotericin B

Front 14

What can systemic mycosis's mimic?

Back 14

TB (granuloma formation)

Front 15

What are the systemic mycoses?

Back 15

Histo, Blasto, Coccidio, Paracoccidio

Front 16

Cutaenous mycoses

Back 16

Tinea versicolor, Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis

Front 17

Caused by Malassezia furfur

Back 17

Tinea versicolor

Front 18

hypopigmented patches occurs in this fungal infection... why?

Back 18

Tinea versicolor - caused by Malassezia furfur
happens because of degradation of lipids produces acids that damage melanocytes and cause hypopigmented patches

Front 19

Fungal infection that occurs in hot, humid weather

Back 19

Tinea versicolor - caused by malassezia furfur

Front 20

Treatment for tinea versicolor

Back 20

topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (selsun)

Front 21

Spaghetti and meatball appearance on KOH

Back 21

tinea versicolor - caused by malasseziae furfur

Front 22

Pruritic lesions with central clearing resembling a ring, caused by dermatophytes

Back 22

Tinea pedis, cruris, corporis, capitis
dermatophytes (microsporum, tricophyton, and epidermophyton)

Front 23

Pets are a reservoir for what fungus? How are they treated?

Back 23

Microsporum - can be treated with topical azoles

Front 24

What do you see on KOH for dermatophytes (microsporum, trichophyton, and epidermophyton)?

Back 24

mold hyphae, not dimorphic!

Front 25

What are opportunistic fungal infections?

Back 25

1. Canidida albicans
2. Aspergillus fumigatus
3. Cryptococcus neoformans
4. Mucor and Rhizopus spp.

Front 26

Yeast with pseudohyphae in culture at 20 degrees celcius; germ tube formation at 37 degrees celsius

Back 26

Candidia albians - the germ tube formation at 37 degrees celsius is diagnostic

Front 27

Oral and esophageal thrush in ICH (neonates, steroids, diabetes, AIDS) what causes it? What else does this cause?

Back 27

Candida albicans
also causes vulvovaginitis (high pH, diabetes, use of antibiotics), diaper rash, endocarditis in IV drug users, disseminated candidias (to any organ), chronic mucocutaneous candidias

Front 28

What do you use to treat Candidia albicans?

Back 28

Nystatin for superficial infections and amphotericin B for serious systemic infection

Front 29

What are the 3 things Aspergillus fumigatus can cause?

Back 29

1. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
2. Lung cavity aspergilloma (fungus ball)
3. invasive aspergillosis (especially in ICH and those with chronic granulomatous disease)

Front 30

Mold with septae hyphae that branch at acute angles less than or equal to 45 degrees

Back 30

Think A for Acute
Aspergillus
not dimorphic

Front 31

Heavily encapsulated yeast, not dimorhpic - what does it cause?

Back 31

cryptococcus neoformans is the yeast
It can cause cryptococcal meningitis

Front 32

Yeast found in the soil and pigeon droppings? What do you culture on?

Back 32

Sabouraud's agar - it is Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 33

Stains with india ink and mucicarmine

Back 33

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 34

Latex agglutination test detects polysaccharide capsular antigen, what do you see the brain?

Back 34

Soap bubble lesions
caused by Cryptococcus noeformans
crushed pingpong balls

Front 35

Mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles (greater than or equal to 90 degrees)

Back 35

Mucor - mucormycosis

Front 36

mucormycosis is associated with what conditions?

Back 36

diabetic ketoacidosis, and leukemic patients

Front 37

Where else can Mucor and Rhizopus proliferate?

Back 37

walls of blood vessels and cause infection and necrosis of distal tissue.
Rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses

Front 38

pseudohypae + budding yeasts at 20 degrees celsius

Back 38

Canidia albicans
Germ tube at 37 degrees celsis

Front 39

45 degree angle branching septae hypae

Back 39

aspergillus

Front 40

Rare fruiting bodies seen in what?

Back 40

aspergillus

Front 41

5-10 u m yeasts with capuslar halo, narrow based unequal budding

Back 41

cryptococcus

Front 42

Irregular broad (empty-looking) nonseptae hypae, wide-angle branching

Back 42

Mucor

Front 43

crushed ping pong balls

Back 43

pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly carinii) PCP

Front 44

What does Pneumocystis jiroveci cause? What type of organism is it?

Back 44

diffuse interstitial pneumonia
it is a yeast (originally classified as a protozoan)
*it is inhaled

Front 45

Yeast that most infections are asymptomatic but what predisposes to having the infection?

Back 45

Pneumocystis jiroveci
having AIDS predisposes to infection

Front 46

What do you see with a pneumocystis jiroveci infection and how do you diagnose it?

Back 46

See diffuse, bilateral CXR appearance
diagnose by lung biopsy or lavage

Front 47

Yeast identified by methenamine silver stain of lung tissue

Back 47

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Front 48

How do you treat pneumocystis jiroveci?

Back 48

TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone
*but start prophylaxis when CD4 drops <200 cells/mL in HIV patients!

Front 49

Rose gardener's disese

Back 49

Sporothrix schenckii
*usually traumatically introduced into the skin, typically by a thorn

Front 50

Yeast forms, unequal budding, and a dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation?

Back 50

Sporothrix schenckii - causes Sporotrichosis

Front 51

Yeast that causes local pustule or ulcer with nodules along draining lymphatics (ascending lymphangitis)

Back 51

Sporothrix schenckii - little systemic illness

Front 52

Cigar shaped budding yeast in pus... what do you treat with?

Back 52

Itraconazole or potassium iodide - it is Sporothrix schenckii