Microbiology Module 3: Chapter 12 (Tortora)

Front 1

Name and describe three parts on fungi.

Back 1

Thallus - body;
hyphae - filaments of cells in a threadlike, branching formation; mycelium - a mass of hyphae

Front 2

What is a unicellular, nonfilamentous fungus called?

Back 2

Yeast

Front 3

Yeast buds that do not separate from the mother cell form what?

Back 3

pseudohyphae

Front 4

Fungi are classified according to what?

Back 4

The types of sexual spores that they form

Front 5

Pathogenic, dimorphic fungi takes what form at 37 degrees Celsius?

Back 5

Yeastlike form

Front 6

Pathogenic, dimorphic fungi takes what form at 25 degrees Celsius?

Back 6

Mold-like form

Front 7

Is asexual or sexual reproduction more common in fungi?

Back 7

Asexual

Front 8

Name the three types of asexual spores (per powerpoint).

Back 8

sporangiospores, conidiospores, and chlamydospores

Front 9

What morphology is unique to the sporangiospores?

Back 9

They grow in a sac

Front 10

What morphology is unique to the chlamydospores?

Back 10

They have thick walls formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment; very resistant to environmental conditions; found on fungi and some algae

Front 11

What morphology is unique to conidiospores?

Back 11

They are unicellular or multicellular spores not formed in an enclosed sac

Front 12

How do teleomorphic fungi reproduce?

Back 12

By producing sexual and asexual spores

Front 13

How do Anamorphic fungi reproduce?

Back 13

They produce asexual spores only

Front 14

Name the toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus that peanut butter and milk are tested for.

Back 14

Aflatoxin

Front 15

Where does the color of fungi come from?

Back 15

Its spores

Front 16

In most molds the hyphae contain cross-walls called what?

Back 16

Septa (singular + septum)

Front 17

A hyphae with no speta that appears as long, continuous cells with many nuclei is called what?

Back 17

Coenocytic hypha

Front 18

Name the medically important phyla of fungi that have conenocytic hyphae and produce sporangiospores and zugospores.

Back 18

Zygomycota

Front 19

Name the medically important phyla of fungi that have septate hyphae and produce ascospores and conidiospores.

Back 19

Ascomycota

Front 20

Name the medically important phyla of fungi that possess septate hyphae, includes fungi that produces mushrooms and forms basidiospores (some produces conidiospores).

Back 20

Basidiomycota

Front 21

A deep fungal infection that affects many tissues and organs is called what?

Back 21

Systemic mycosis

Front 22

A fungal infection beneath the skin is called what?

Back 22

Subcutaneous mycosis

Front 23

What is saccharomyces and what is it used for?

Back 23

It is a yeast used in bread and wine making

Front 24

What is Trichoderma and what is it used for?

Back 24

It is a fungus that is used for its cellulase production for clarification of fruit juices.

Front 25

What is a lichen?

Back 25

A mutualistic combination of a green alga (or cyanobacterium) and a fungus

Front 26

What does the alga provide for the lichen?

Back 26

The alga photosynthesizes, providing carbohydrates

Front 27

What does the fungus provide for the lichen?

Back 27

The fungus provides a holdfast (attachment).

Front 28

How are lichens classified?

Back 28

By their morphology

Front 29

Name three things that lichens are used for.

Back 29

1. for their pigments
2. as a antimicrobial agent
3. as an air quality indicator

Front 30

Where do most algae live?

Back 30

Aquatic environments

Front 31

List three classifications of algae.

Back 31

1. unicellular
2. filamentous
3. multicellular

Front 32

Are algae prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Back 32

Eukaryotic

Front 33

Name three parts of a multicellular algae thallus (body).

Back 33

1. stipe - temlike, often hollow
2. holdfast - anchor that usually holds algae to rock
3. blades - leaflike

Front 34

How do algae reproduce?

Back 34

Asexually by cell division or fragmentation and many reproduce sexually

Front 35

How are algae classified?

Back 35

By there structures and pigments

Front 36

Most algae produce oxygen and are ________? hint: "__?__trophs"

Back 36

Photoautotrophs

Front 37

What are brown algae (kelp) harvest for?

Back 37

Algin (a carb used as a stabilizing colloid in numerous pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and foods

Front 38

Where do red algae grow and why?

Back 38

They grow deep in the ocean because their red pigment can absorb the blue light that penetrates to deeper levels

Front 39

What does green algae have and what does it store?

Back 39

They have cellulose and chlorophyll a and b and store starch

Front 40

What are diatoms and what are they used for?

Back 40

They are unicellular algae that have pectin and silica cell walls; some produce a neurotoxin. They can be used as a filtering aid (diatomaceous earth).

Front 41

Which algae produce neurotoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (red tide) and food poisoning?

Back 41

Dinoflagellates

Front 42

What are oomycotes?

Back 42

Heterotrophic algae; includes decomposers and plant parasites (reclassified from water mold)

Front 43

What produces the most oxygen in the earths atmosphere?

Back 43

Planktonic algae

Front 44

Where does petroleum come from?

Back 44

It is the fossil remains of planktonic algae

Front 45

What are protozoa?

Back 45

unicellular, eukaryotic chemoheterotrophs

Front 46

Where can protozoa be found?

Back 46

In soil, water, and animals

Front 47

What is the vegetative form of protozoa called?

Back 47

Trophozoite

Front 48

How do protozoa reproduce?

Back 48

Asexually by fission, budding, or schizogony (multiple asexual fission); also sexually by conjugation in which two haploid nuclei from different cells fuse to produce a zygote

Front 49

How do some protozoa survive adverse environmental conditions?

Back 49

They produce a cyst that provides protection

Front 50

Name three parts of the protozoa's complex cell.

Back 50

Pellicle - a thin layer supporting the cell membrane
Cytosome - mouth
Anal pore

Front 51

Name the medically important protozoa that lack mitochondria, have flagella, and can cause diarrhea, belching, gas, and cramps.

Back 51

Archaezoa

Front 52

Name the medically important protozoa that lack mitochondria and microtubules; know to cause diarrhea in AIDS patients.

Back 52

Microsporidia

Front 53

Name the amoeba that include Entamoeba and Acanthamoeba.

Back 53

Rhizopoda

Front 54

Name a non-motile protozoa that have apical organelles for penetrating host tissue; responsible for some waterborne disease outbreaks.

Back 54

Apicomplexa

Front 55

Name the phylum of protozoa that move by means of cilia; includes Balantidum coli which is a human parasite.

Back 55

Ciliophora

Front 56

Name the phylum of protozoa that move by meals of flagella and do not sexually reproduce; inclue Trypanosoma which is transmitted by the tsetse fly in Africa and causes sleeping sickness.

Back 56

Euglenozoa

Front 57

Name two types of slime molds.

Back 57

Cellular and plasmodial

Front 58

Which slime mold resembles amoebas and digest bacteria by phagocytosis?

Back 58

Cellular slime molds

Front 59

Which slime mold consists of a multinucleated mass of protoplasm that engulfs organic debris and bacteria as it moves?

Back 59

Plasmodial slime molds

Front 60

Name and decribe two phyla of Helminths (Anamalia).

Back 60

Platyhelminths - parasitic flatworms
Nematoda - parasitic roundworms