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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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M proteins are specific to what strain of bacteria?
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S. pyogenes
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S. pyogenes is sensitive to which antibiotic
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Bacitracin
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Group A specific carbohydrates
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rhamnose
N-acetylglosamine |
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What are five suppurative diseases of S. pyogenes
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pharyngitis(strep throat/scarlet fever)
impetigo erysipelas cellulitis necrotizing fascitis |
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S. pyogenes is belongs to which Lancefield group
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A
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S. pyogenes is ____-hemolytic
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Beta
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M protein is an adhesin as well as an ____.
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Antiphagocytic factor
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pyogenic exotoxins mode of action
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act like superantigens, toxic shock
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action of steptolysins S and O
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lyses red blood cells
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action of streptokinases A and B
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lyses blood clots
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streptodornases (DNase B)
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degrade DNA in pus to reduce viscosity
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hyaluronidase
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lyses hyaluronic acid in connective tissue
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S. agalactiae belongs to which Lancefield group
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B
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S. agalactiae is ___-hemolytic
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beta
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S. agalactiae kills what.
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babies
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S. agalactiae produces which 3 important factors
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CAMP
hippurate C protein |
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what does CAMP do?
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enhances hemolytic activity of Staphyl. aureus
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group B carbohydrates
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polymer of rhamnose
N-acetylglucosamine galactose |
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S. penumoniae is ___-hemolytic
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alpha
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What is a major virulence factor in S. pneumoniae?
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capsule (only in virulent strains produce capsules)
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most S. pneumoniae infections are endogenous or person-to-person
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endogenous (normal flora of throat)
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S. pneumoniae causes which diseases
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otis media (inflam. of middle ear)
pneumonia (of course) meningitis |
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What are the 3 tests for S. pneumoniae?
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optochin sensitivity
bile solubility quellung reaction |
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S. bovis is an indication for what disease
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colon cancer
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Viridans streptococcis leads to what complication?
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endocarditis especially after dental manipulation
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Enterococci is ___-hemolytic
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gamma
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Enterococci causes what diseases
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urinary tract infection
bacteremia and endocarditis |
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what is enterococci notorious for?
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intrinsic antibiotic resistance
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spore formers are always gram +/-
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gram +
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What are 3 exotoxins of B. anthracis
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protective antgien (PA)-required for virulence
lethal factor (LF) edema factor (EF) |
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the capsule of B. anthracis contains what?
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poly-D-glutamate polypeptide (not a carb)
(antiphagocytic) |
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Can B. anthracis form spores?
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You betcha!
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Which bacteria is a true zoonotic pathogen
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B. anthracis
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Cutaneous infeciton of B. anthracis forms what?
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malignant pustules
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how is B. anthracis most lethal?
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inhalation
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gastrointestinal anthrax causes what
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ulcers at site of invasion
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What are some characteristics of B. anthracis colonies
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non-hemolytic
medusa-head sticky |
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Bacillus cereus is often found where and causes what?
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rice, food poisoning
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can B. cereus form spores
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You betcha!
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does B. cereus have a capsule?
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nope
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what are 2 types of food poisoning by B. cereus?
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emetic form (vomiting, heat-stable)
diarrheal form (heat-labile) |
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Clostridium:
spores or no spores? motile or non-motile? |
spores and motile
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clostridium:
aerobic or anaerobic? |
anaerobic
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Clostridium perfringens Type A produces which lethal toxin? (most common type)
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alpha
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C. perfringens causes which soft-tissue infections? (think perfume)
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cellulitis (w/ gas formation)
suppurative myositis myonecrosis (gas gangrene) |
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injested C. perfringens can cause which complications?
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food poisoning
gastroenteritis necrotizing enteritis (pig-bel, type C strain) |
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What are the two lab diagnostics used for C. perfringens?
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lecthinanase activity (alpha toxin+egg yolk=precipitate)
double zone hemolysis (beta hemolysis surrounded by alpha hemolysis) |
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C. tetani looks like a ___ and causes which disease?
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tennis racket, tetanus
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virulence factor of C. tetani
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tetanospasmin (tetanus toxin)
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tetanospasmin is what type of toxin?
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neurotoxin and A/B toxin
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mode of action of tetanospasmin?
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A domain blocks release of inhib GABA
B domain binds nerve membrane |
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3 types of tetanus
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generalized (most common)
localized neonatal |
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lab diagnosis of C. tetani
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clinical presentation, usually lockjaw
appears as film on agar plate, not colonies |
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does C. botulinum form spores?
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yes
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Botulinum toxin characteristics and mode of action
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neurotoxin
A/B toxin A domain inhibits Ach realease, leading to no contraction |
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how is typically C. botulinum acquired?
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canned foods, honey
(cannot be transmitted from person to person) |
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C. botulinum diseases
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infant botulism
foodborne botulism (neither emetic nor diarrheal) wound botulism (rare) inhalation botulism (bioterrorism) |
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infant botulism leads to what type of baby
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floppy
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is C. difficile a food poisoning pathogen
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NO!
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virulence factors of C. difficile
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exotoxin A: increase permeability of intestines (diarrhea)
exotoxin B: cytotoxin that damages mucosa and causes pseudomembrane formation |
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exposure to antibiotics is associated with overgrowth of C. difficile, leading to which GI diseases
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antibiotic associated diarhea (AAD)
antibiotic induced pseudomembranous colitis |
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can C. difficile be transmitted from person to person?
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yes
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what is the lab diagnosis for C. difficile?
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ELISA detection of exotoxin B in stool
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Clostridium septicum is an indication of what?
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colon cancer
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