Microbiology Lab- Midterm

Front 1

More or less permanent residents of the body

Back 1

Normal Flora

Front 2

Present only for days or weeks in the body

Back 2

Transient Flora

Front 3

This person introduced handwashing in chlorinated lime

Back 3

Ignaz Semmelweis

Front 4

This person cleaned hands in carbolic Acid

Back 4

Joseph Lister

Front 5

This person invented stiches

Back 5

Joseph Lister

Front 6

This method of cleaning hands has no effect on virus

Back 6

Antibacterial Soap

Front 7

What are the 4 stages of clinical infection

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1-Incubation Period
2-Prodromal Stage
3-Period of Invasion
4-Convalescent Period

Front 8

This type of infection is in only one area

Back 8

Localized Infections

Front 9

This type of infection travels through the entire body system

Back 9

Systemic Infection

Front 10

This type of infection starts in one area then spreads

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Focal Infection

Front 11

This type of infection is cause by many microbes

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Mixed Infection

Front 12

This is the initial infection

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Primary Infection

Front 13

Infection that results from another infection

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Secondary Infection

Front 14

Objective evidence of disease as noted by an observer

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Sign

Front 15

Subjective evidence of disease as a sense by the patient

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Symptom

Front 16

This infections host doesn't show symptoms although infected (eg. STD, AIDS)

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Asymptomatic Infection

Front 17

Term given to diseases that periodically become active

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Latency

Front 18

Person with a latent disease who sheds infectous agent

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Chronic Carrier

Front 19

This infection causes long term or permanent damage to tissues or organs

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Sequelae

Front 20

live animal (other than human) that transmits an infectious agent from one host to another is called

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Vector

Front 21

This type of vector actively participates in a pathogen's life cycle

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Biological Vectors

Front 22

This type of vector is not necessary to the life cycle of an infectious agent and merely transports it without being infected

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Mechanical vector

Front 23

Term used for when an infected host can transmit the infectious agent to another host and establish infection in that host

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Communicable Diseas

Front 24

A highly communicable disease is ____

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contagious

Front 25

Type of infection that does not transmit between hosts.

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Non-communicable

Front 26

The study of the frequency and distribution of disease and health-related factors in human populations

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Epidemiolgy

Front 27

Total number of existing cases with respect to the entire population usually represented by a percentage of the population. (Measures all the diseases from before a certain date)

Back 27

Prevalence

Front 28

Measures the number of new cases over a certain time period, as compared with the general healthy population

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Incidence

Front 29

The total number of deaths in a population due to a certain disease

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Mortality Rate

Front 30

number of people afflicted with a certain disease

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Morbidity Rate

Front 31

disease that exhibits a relatively steady frequency over a long period of time in a particular geographic locale

Back 31

endemic

Front 32

when occasional cases are reported at irregular intervals

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Sporadic

Front 33

When prevalence of a disease is increasing beyond what is expected

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Epidemic

Front 34

Epidemic across continents

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Pandemic

Front 35

This person reported that living things were composed of little boxes or cells

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Robert Hooke

Front 36

This person constructed a microscope which could magnify up to 30-100x. "Animalcules"

Back 36

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Front 37

The theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases

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Germ Theory of Disease

Front 38

This person disproved the theory of spontaneous generation

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Louis Pasteur

Front 39

This person developed postulates that validated the germ theory of disease

Back 39

Robert Koch

Front 40

Used Petri dishes to culture microorganisms

Back 40

Robert Koch

Front 41

a group of cells whose members arose from a single original cell

Back 41

Colony

Front 42

P-1000 holds a range of how many microliters?

Back 42

100-1000

Front 43

P-200 holds a range of how many microliters?

Back 43

20-200

Front 44

P-20 holds a range of how many microliters?

Back 44

2-20

Front 45

How many colonies per area are considered TNTC with "spot" plating

Back 45

30 or more

Front 46

How many colonies per area are considered TFTC with "spot" plating

Back 46

Less than 5

Front 47

How many colonies are needed to be considered TNTC for a spread plate

Back 47

250

Front 48

How many colonies are needed to be considered TFTC for a spread plate?

Back 48

less than 25

Front 49

Ability of lenses to reveal fine detail or two points distinctly separated

Back 49

Resolution

Front 50

what type of wavelength provides the best resolution

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Shorter wavelengths

Front 51

the amount light bends between the objective lens and the slide

Back 51

Refractive Index

Front 52

What type of staining technique stains the organism?

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Direct Staining

Front 53

What type of staining stains the field or background?

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Negative Staining

Front 54

Why do we heat fix organisms to slides?

Back 54

1. to prevent autolysis where the cell would kill itself
2. to increase adherence
3. to kill the bacteria

Front 55

What are some of the pros of Negative Staining?

Back 55

1. Bacteria is less distorted
2. can display cell morphology and size more clearly than other staining

Front 56

Term used when an organism in a microscope is in focus with all lenses

Back 56

Parfocal

Front 57

Term for cocci in groups of four

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Tetrads