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63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?
one that is effective against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Three modes of action of antibiotics,
and an example of each
cell wall formation, inhibition of protein synthesis and interference with DNA replication. penicillin, the second type is erythromycin, and the third type is ciprofloxacin.
What is a zone of inhibition?
a clear halo found around an antibiotic disc on aa plate of Mueller-Hinton agar swabbed with a single bacterial culture and incubated for 18 hours at 35 C.
What is significant of PPNG and MRSA?
These organisms break open the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and destroy the effectiveness of the antibiotic.
List three risks associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are nephrotoxic, ototoxic, and neurotoxic.
What is a broad spectrum antibiotic?
one that is effective against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Three modes of action of antibiotics,
and an example of each
cell wall formation, inhibition of protein synthesis and interference with DNA replication. penicillin, the second type is erythromycin, and the third type is ciprofloxacin.
What is a zone of inhibition?
a clear halo found around an antibiotic disc on aa plate of Mueller-Hinton agar swabbed with a single bacterial culture and incubated for 18 hours at 35 C.
What is significant of PPNG and MRSA?
These organisms break open the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and destroy the effectiveness of the antibiotic.
List three risks associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are nephrotoxic, ototoxic, and neurotoxic.
Define resistant colony
small colonies found in the zone of inhibition around an antibiotic disk
What are the three results possible form an antibiotic reacting with a microbe?
Intermediate
Sensitive
Resistant
penicillins are lethal to microbes because they
block cell wall formations
mycoplasmas are resistant to the antibiotic
penicillin because they lack a cell wall
An example of a macrolide antibiotic
erythromycin
Quinolones interfere with
DNA synthesis
Chlamydiae infections are treated by
tetracyclines
Are Dividing or Non-Dividing cells sensitive to penicillin
dividing cells are sensitive
What antibiotic would you use against staph and strep?
penicillin
What are two examples of broad spectrum antibiotics?
cephalosporins and tetracyclies
Name the significant ingredients in the Snyder Test medium
The important ingredients in Snyder Test medium are glucose and the pH indicator bromcresol green.
What are the major microbes responsible for dental caries?
streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli
What is plaque
dextrins + bacteria
What procedures increase the risk of bacteremia and endocarditis
oral surgery and tooth extraction
What antibiotics are used to prevent bacteremia and endocarditis?
penicillin and erythromycin
The dextran covering surrounding bacteria on the teeth is called a
glycocalyx
What is the final pH of Snyder Test agar?
the final pH is 4.8
Does acid in snyder test medium incubated with saliva is indicated by a change from blue green to yellow color
yes
T/F change in color of saliva inoculated and incubated in Snyder Test agar medium after 48 hours indicates a marked risk of dental caries
false, a change in color after 48 hours indicates a moderate risk
Where is periodontal disease?
Caused by bacterial colonization and inflammation that occur in response to gingival damage
Plaque becomes mineralized (calcified) with calcium and phosphate crystals
What is in saliva that inhibits bacterial growth?
lysozyme
cephalosporins
activity against gram positive and gram negative
broad spectrum
tetracyclines
broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics
effective against gram positive and gram negative
macrolide
inhibits protein synthesis
aminoglycoside
effective against gram neative
nephrotoxic, neurotoxic and ototoxic
quinolones
new category of antibiotic
interfere with DNA replication
UTIs and Respiratory tract infections
polymixins
antibiotics that are topical ointments
effective against gram negative
interfere with selective permeability
empiric decision vs. differential decision
empiric- prior experience
differential- antibiotic sensitivity test
antibiotics
antimicrobial agents that are produced by living organisms
penicillins
bactericidal since they block formation of the cell wall
alpha-hemolytic reaction
streptococci release an enzyme that partly destroys the red blood cell membrane and the hemoglobin so that a green halo appears in the blood agar
beta-hemolysis
small white colonies surrounded by clear zones
fomite
non-living surface
What are upper respiratory tract infections caused by?
streptococcus pyogenes
What are lower respiratory tract infections caused by
streptococcus pneumoniae gram +
A throat culture is done to detect the presence of?
Group A streptococci
What is resident bacteria on the skin?
S. epidermis and P. acnes
What is the major cause of infection on the skin?
Staph aureus
coagulase production and the fermentation of mannitol
Is UV radiation penetrating?
it is non-penetrating
Process of photoreactiviation refers to light repairing dimerized bases---
True
3. The wavelength of light most strongly absorbed by DNA is 160 nm-------
False, 260
disinfectant
control growth of microorganisms on environmental surfaces
antiseptics
control growth of microorganisms on skin and mucous membranes
Bacteriostatic vs bacteriocidal
static- the population becomes stationary, no new bacteria
cidal- kills the bacteria
4 types of antimicrobials
phenols, halogens, alcohols, and quaternary ammonium compounds
The size of the zone of inhibition IS/ISN'T a direct measure of the effectiveness of any microbial agent, since some effective chemicals may diffuse slowly in agar
IS NOT
Does zone of inhibition discriminate between bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal?
no!
the aerobic breakdown (oxidation) of sugar that produces ATP and pyruvic acid
glycolysis
oxidation and reduction of organic compounds in which no added electron acceptor is present
fermentation
fermentation that produces primarily lactic acid from pyruvic acid
homolactic
fermentation that produces lactic acid, ethanol and CO2 from pyruvic acid
heterolactic
Voges-Proskauer Test
measures the production of neutral end products
phenol red broth
measure the production of acidic end products