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31 Cards in this Set

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Acid fast stain
To differentiate organisms that have a cell wall that contains mycolic acid.
Acid fast organism
Retain the carbolfuchsin dye and appears pink.
Non-acid fast organism
Retain the counterstain methylene blue. (Ex. Staphylococcus aureus)
Acid fast staining is used for?
Diagnostic tool to identify mycobacterium species that cause serious human diseases.
Nutrient agar slant morphology
Fusiform, echinulate, beaded, and rhizoid
Nutrient agar plate morphology
Top view- round, wrinkled, irregular, concentric, filamentous
Side view- flat, convex, raised , hilly/uneven
Fluidthioglycollate medium (FTM)
Determine O2 requirements
-Aerobic- growth at the top of the tube because the organism needs O2 to survive.
-anaerobic- facultative- growth everywhere. Obligate- growth only at the bottom.
Gelatin stab
-Used to identify gelatinase positive bacteria.
- gelatinase positive will hydrolyze the gelatin that causes the gelatin to liquify.
Starch agar
-Test the ability of organism to produce the extracellular enzymes.
- If positive a clear halo will appear around the bacteria growth.
- lack of halo is negative which means the organism does not produce extra cellular enzymes and starch is present.
Casein hydrolysis
Skim milk agar that test the ability of an organism to produce an exoenzyme called casease that hydrolyzes casein.
- when casein is broken down it is no longer white.
- clear halo appear around the organism that has grown.
Lipid hydrolysis
Spirit blue agar that identify organisms that are capable of producing the enzyme lipase.
- spirit blue agar contains olive oil and spirit blue dye.
- bacteria that produce lipase will hydrolyze the olive oil and produce a halo around the bacteria growth.
Urea broth
-Test to identify organisms that are capable of hydrolyzing urea to produce ammonia and CO2.
- primarily used to distinguish urease positive protease from other enterbacteriaceae.
Urease is an enzyme that ?
-Hydrolyzes urea to CO2 to ammonia.
- urease production is indicated by a bright pink.
Tryptone Broth
An amino acid that can undergo deamination and hydrolysis by bacteria that express tryptophanase enzyme.
Tryptophan + water =
Indole+ pyruvic acid + amino
The indole test screens for the ability of an organism to degrade the amino acid _______ and produce_______?
Tryptophan ; indole
Test Tryptone Broth for indole production
Have to add 5 drops of Kovacs reagent in the tube. If negative there will be no color change at the top.
Fermentation methyl red
E.coli and other organisms ferment sugars by the mixed acid pathway resulting in a low ratio of CO2 to H2 gas produced by fermentation.
Positive result for methyl red
The ph being at or below 4.4 the medium turns red if negative turns yellow with a ph of 6
spore staining
- gram positive bacteria form endospores not gram negative
- bacillus and clostridia organisms mostly
- outer spore coat is resistant to many forms of damage
- vegetative cells are red
- endospores- green
Agar slants are used for
Cultivation of pure cultures
Acid- fast bacillus
Preliminary diagnosis of tuberculosis
Decolorization with acid alcohol removes stain from acid fast ______ stains?
Negative
Capsules are composed of ?
Mucoid polysaccharides or polypeptides that repel
Most stains.
Capsules are composed of ?
Mucoid polysaccharides or polypeptides that repel
Most stains.
Capsule stain does not get________ fixed?
Heat
Capsules are composed of ?
Mucoid polysaccharides or polypeptides that repel
Most stains.
Capsule stain does not get________ fixed?
Heat
Capsule stain
Is a differential stain used to detect cells capable of producing an extracellular capsule.
Spores are resistant to heat and chemicals because of a outer covering made of_____?
Protein keratin
Spore staining
A primary stain of malachite green is forced into the spore by steaming the bacterial emulsion.