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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Acid fast stain
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To differentiate organisms that have a cell wall that contains mycolic acid.
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Acid fast organism
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Retain the carbolfuchsin dye and appears pink.
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Non-acid fast organism
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Retain the counterstain methylene blue. (Ex. Staphylococcus aureus)
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Acid fast staining is used for?
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Diagnostic tool to identify mycobacterium species that cause serious human diseases.
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Nutrient agar slant morphology
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Fusiform, echinulate, beaded, and rhizoid
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Nutrient agar plate morphology
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Top view- round, wrinkled, irregular, concentric, filamentous
Side view- flat, convex, raised , hilly/uneven |
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Fluidthioglycollate medium (FTM)
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Determine O2 requirements
-Aerobic- growth at the top of the tube because the organism needs O2 to survive. -anaerobic- facultative- growth everywhere. Obligate- growth only at the bottom. |
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Gelatin stab
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-Used to identify gelatinase positive bacteria.
- gelatinase positive will hydrolyze the gelatin that causes the gelatin to liquify. |
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Starch agar
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-Test the ability of organism to produce the extracellular enzymes.
- If positive a clear halo will appear around the bacteria growth. - lack of halo is negative which means the organism does not produce extra cellular enzymes and starch is present. |
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Casein hydrolysis
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Skim milk agar that test the ability of an organism to produce an exoenzyme called casease that hydrolyzes casein.
- when casein is broken down it is no longer white. - clear halo appear around the organism that has grown. |
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Lipid hydrolysis
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Spirit blue agar that identify organisms that are capable of producing the enzyme lipase.
- spirit blue agar contains olive oil and spirit blue dye. - bacteria that produce lipase will hydrolyze the olive oil and produce a halo around the bacteria growth. |
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Urea broth
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-Test to identify organisms that are capable of hydrolyzing urea to produce ammonia and CO2.
- primarily used to distinguish urease positive protease from other enterbacteriaceae. |
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Urease is an enzyme that ?
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-Hydrolyzes urea to CO2 to ammonia.
- urease production is indicated by a bright pink. |
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Tryptone Broth
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An amino acid that can undergo deamination and hydrolysis by bacteria that express tryptophanase enzyme.
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Tryptophan + water =
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Indole+ pyruvic acid + amino
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The indole test screens for the ability of an organism to degrade the amino acid _______ and produce_______?
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Tryptophan ; indole
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Test Tryptone Broth for indole production
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Have to add 5 drops of Kovacs reagent in the tube. If negative there will be no color change at the top.
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Fermentation methyl red
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E.coli and other organisms ferment sugars by the mixed acid pathway resulting in a low ratio of CO2 to H2 gas produced by fermentation.
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Positive result for methyl red
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The ph being at or below 4.4 the medium turns red if negative turns yellow with a ph of 6
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spore staining
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- gram positive bacteria form endospores not gram negative
- bacillus and clostridia organisms mostly - outer spore coat is resistant to many forms of damage - vegetative cells are red - endospores- green |
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Agar slants are used for
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Cultivation of pure cultures
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Acid- fast bacillus
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Preliminary diagnosis of tuberculosis
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Decolorization with acid alcohol removes stain from acid fast ______ stains?
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Negative
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Capsules are composed of ?
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Mucoid polysaccharides or polypeptides that repel
Most stains. |
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Capsules are composed of ?
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Mucoid polysaccharides or polypeptides that repel
Most stains. |
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Capsule stain does not get________ fixed?
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Heat
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Capsules are composed of ?
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Mucoid polysaccharides or polypeptides that repel
Most stains. |
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Capsule stain does not get________ fixed?
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Heat
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Capsule stain
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Is a differential stain used to detect cells capable of producing an extracellular capsule.
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Spores are resistant to heat and chemicals because of a outer covering made of_____?
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Protein keratin
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Spore staining
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A primary stain of malachite green is forced into the spore by steaming the bacterial emulsion.
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