Microbiology Key Terms Chapters 15-17,20 Of Brock 12Ed.

Front 1

The bacterium________ radiodurans has powerful DNA-repair mechanisms and is able to resist high levels of radiation.

Back 1

Deinococcus

Front 2

_______ are membrane-bounded bodies in green (sulfur) bacteria that house photosynthesis pigments

Back 2

Chlorosomes

Front 3

Treponema palidum is the causative agent of ________

Back 3

syphilis

Front 4

The genus ______ comprises thermophilic, filamentous, anoxigenic green non-sulfur bacteria and constitute an ancient lineage with a unique C-fixation pathway (via hydroxypropionate)

Back 4

chloroflexus

Front 5

Resting forms of streptomyces are called _______

Back 5

conidia

Front 6

Propionic acid bacteria conserve energy by fermentiong a product, lactic acid, that other bacteria have produced. This metabolic strategy is called ________ fermentation

Back 6

secondary

Front 7

Species of the anaerobe genus ______ produce endospores

Back 7

clostridium

Front 8

Species of the genus ____are numerically dominant bacteria in the human intestinal tract

Back 8

bacteroides

Front 9

The planctomycete _______ shoes extensive cell compartmentalization including a membrane-enclosed nuclear structure but is not a eukaryote.

Back 9

gemmata

Front 10

________ is a green sulfur bacterium that is anoxygenic phototroph

Back 10

chlorobium

Front 11

A species of the thermophilic, aerobic, chemoorganoheterotrophic genus _____ is the source of Taq DNA polymerase.

Back 11

thermus

Front 12

_________ are rounded,enlarged cells of cyanobacteria that are the sites for itrogen fixation

Back 12

heterocysts

Front 13

______ acid bacteria are responsible for flavor and holes in swiss chess such as Emmentaler

Back 13

Propionic

Front 14

Species of the aerobe genus _____ produce endospores

Back 14

bacillus

Front 15

many species of the aerotolerant anaerobe non-sporulating genus _____ are used for the fermentation of dairy products

Back 15

lactobacillus

Front 16

The infection cycle of chlamydia involves ______ bodies and elementary bodies

Back 16

reticulate

Front 17

The earthy odor of soil (after rain) is caused by _____ that are produced by streptomycetes

Back 17

geosmins

Front 18

Oxygenic photrophs are _________

Back 18

cyanobacteria

Front 19

________ and other prochlorophytes are closely related to chloroplasts and cyanobacteria

Back 19

prochloron

Front 20

______ is a cell wall-less gram-positive bacterium and a parasite that inhabits animal and plant hosts

Back 20

mycoplasma

Front 21

Treponema, Borrelia are important genera of the _______

Back 21

spirochetes

Front 22

Spirochetes have internal flagella called _______ that are located in the periplasm of the cell

Back 22

endoflagella

Front 23

_______ gingivalis is an oral anaeroe associated with periodontal lesions, infections, and adult periodontal disease

Back 23

porphyromonas

Front 24

Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of ______ disease

Back 24

lyme

Front 25

A species of the genus ______, that are characterized by the presence of teichoic acids in their cell walls causes tuberculosis

Back 25

mycobacterium

Front 26

Species of the hyperthermophile genus _____ have about 20% of genes that likely originated from archaea through horizontal gene transfer

Back 26

thermotoga

Front 27

The phylum ______ comprises Corynebacterium, Arthrobacter, Propionibacterium

Back 27

actinobacteria

Front 28

_______ is an endospore-forming gram-positive, anoxygenic, anaerobe phototroph

Back 28

heliobacterium

Front 29

_______ is a non-sporulating aerobe that does not form cell clusters

Back 29

micrococcus

Front 30

______ are filamentous and produce mycclium analogous to mycclium of filamentous fungi. About 50% of all isolated ______ produce antibiotics

Back 30

streptomyces

Front 31

_______ is a non-spoulating facultative aerobe that forms irregular cell clusters

Back 31

staphylococcus

Front 32

______ are obligately parasitic with poor metabolic capacities

Back 32

chlamydia

Front 33

____ is responsible for ethanol fermentation in the pulque drink

Back 33

zymomonas

Front 34

purple ________ bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor for CO2 reduction in photosynthesis

Back 34

sulfur

Front 35

Most _____-oxidizing bacteria can grow facultative chemolithoautotrophically with ______ as sole electron donor and O2 as electron acceptor ("knallgas" reaction)

Back 35

hydrogen

Front 36

_____ (oxidation of ammonia to nitrate) occurs as two separate reactions by different groups of bacteria

Back 36

nitrification

Front 37

Enteric bacteria can be grouped into mixed-acid fermentators and 2,3- _____ fermentators

Back 37

butanediol

Front 38

_______ sulfate-reducing bacteria

Back 38

dissimilative

Front 39

______ is a hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium

Back 39

paracocus

Front 40

____ preys on other bacteria ( invades their periplasm)

Back 40

bdellovibrio

Front 41

Sufur- _____ bacteria grow chemolithoautotrophically on reduced sulfur compounds

Back 41

oxidizing

Front 42

various kinds of cytoplasmic extrusions bounded by a cell wall are collectively called______

Back 42

prosthecae

Front 43

Purple _____ bacteria were originally thought to be unable to use sulfide as an electron donor for CO2 reduction, now we know most can

Back 43

nonsulfur

Front 44

Group of unrelated motile, spiral-shaped Proteobacteria are called _____

Back 44

spirilla

Front 45

______ is a purple sulfur bacterium

Back 45

chromatium

Front 46

Pseudomonads are _____ and obligate aerobes

Back 46

chemoorganoheterotrophs

Front 47

acetic acid bacteria are organisms that carry out ______ oxidation of alcohols and sugars (and produce e.g. vinegar)

Back 47

incomplete

Front 48

_____ is a purple non-sulfur bacterium

Back 48

rhodobacter

Front 49

_______ is an ammonia oxidizer (nitrosifyer)

Back 49

nitrosococcus

Front 50

______ use CH4 (and a few other one carbon compounds) as electron donors an source of carbon

Back 50

methanotrophs

Front 51

______ bacteria divide as a result of unequal cell growth and not by binary fission

Back 51

budding

Front 52

_____ is a nitrite oxidizer

Back 52

nitrobacter

Front 53

_____ are the most metabolically diverse of all bacteria

Back 53

proteobacteria

Front 54

E. coli does _____ acid fermentation when grown anaerobic

Back 54

mixed

Front 55

The motile bacterium ______ swarms on agar plates

Back 55

proteus

Front 56

In the light most purple nonsulfur bacteria can grow _______ using light as an energy source and organic compounds as a carbon source

Back 56

photoorganoheterotrophically

Front 57

Special structures that house Calvin cycle enzymes are called _____

Back 57

carboxysomes

Front 58

_____ are mostly obligate intracellular parasites and the closest living relatives to bacteria that were the origin of the mitochondria

Back 58

rickettsias

Front 59

A group of gliding bacteria that form multicellular structures (fruiting bodies) and show complex developmental life cycles are named _____

Back 59

myxobacteria

Front 60

_____ is an important pathogen of the Epsilonproteobacteria that causes stomach ulcers

Back 60

helicobacter

Front 61

______ produces a cytoplasm-filled stalk and is the model system for bacterial cell division and development

Back 61

caulobacter

Front 62

Enteric bacteria are _____ aerobes

Back 62

facultative

Front 63

_______ and relatives produces extensive capsules or slime layers to protect nitrogenase from O2

Back 63

azotobacter

Front 64

______ Phototrophic Bacteria carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis

Back 64

purple

Front 65

The bacterial model organism Escherichia coli is also a universal inhabitant of intestinal tract of _____ and warm-blooded animals

Back 65

humans

Front 66

_______ via several different pathways is widespread in Archaea: Acetyl-CoA pathway, Reverse (reductive) citric acid cycle (like green sulfur bacteria), 3-hydroxypropionate cycle (like Green nonsulfur bacteria) and possible Calvin cycle (with Rubis CO)

Back 66

autotrophy

Front 67

Thermoplasma and Ferroplasma lack cell walls. They are thermophilic and/or extremely acidophilic and possess ________ tetraether as membrane lipids giving them extra strength against heat

Back 67

dibiphytanyl

Front 68

Archaea are split into two major groups: _______ and Euryarchaeota

Back 68

Crenarchaeota

Front 69

_______ are Archaea that produce CH4 (from mostly H2 and CO2)

Back 69

methanogens

Front 70

In hyperthermophiles __________ are organized as thermosome that improves refolding of partially denatured proteins

Back 70

chaperonins

Front 71

________ equitans is one of the smallest cellular organisms (~0.4micrometers) with one of the smallest genomes. It is an obligate symbiont (parasite?) of the Crenarchaeote Ignicoccus

Back 71

nanoarchaeum

Front 72

Some haloarchaea are capable of light-driven synthesis of ATP (this is not photosynthesis!) by using ________-_______ are cytoplasmic membrane proteins that can absorb light energy and pump protons across the membrane.

Back 72

bacteriorhodopsins

Front 73

High intracellular ______ levels stabilize DNA and cellular monomers (including ATP or NAD)

Back 73

solute

Front 74

Haloarchaea are extremely halophilic Archaea and the species ________ salinarum is the best studied

Back 74

halobacterium

Front 75

DNA-binding proteins, ________, compact DNA into nucleosome-like structures as a means of heat-protection

Back 75

histones

Front 76

In _______ structural features improve thermostability of proteins:highly hydrophobic cores and increased ionic interactions on protein surfaces

Back 76

hyperthermophiles

Front 77

With the exception of ________genesis, i.e. the production of methane, bioenergetic and intermediary metabolism of Archaea are similar to those found in Bacteria

Back 77

methano

Front 78

SSU rRNA stability under high temperature is improved by higher ____ content

Back 78

GC

Front 79

Archaea of the genus _______ grow in sulfur-rich acidic hot springs. The are aerobic chemolithotrophs that oxidize reduced sulfur or iron and are the best studied crenarchaeota

Back 79

sulfolobus

Front 80

Classical nitrogenase is sensitive to the presence of

Back 80

oxygen

Front 81

___________ is the most important biological process on Earth

Back 81

photosynthesis

Front 82

In__________ photosynthesis no oxygen is produced!

Back 82

anoxygenic

Front 83

Green sulfur bacteria use the _______ citric acid cycle to fix CO2

Back 83

reverse

Front 84

The final step of Nitrification, the oxidation of Nitrite to Nitrate is accomplished by Nitrite oxidizer also known as _________(e.g. Nitrobacter)

Back 84

nitrifyers