Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Bacterial cytoplasmic membrane
|
a) Many functions of eukaryotic organelles (ETC)
b) Nutrient uptake and release of other substances c) Inside lined with actin-like filaments d) Helps determine bacterial shape e) Septum formation for cell division |
|
|
Encapsulated bacteria
|
a) Loose polysaccharide layer (or protein)
b) Unnecessary for growth but important for virulence c) Promotes adherence, anti-phagocytic, poor antigen |
|
|
Some gram (+) produce endospores
|
a) Produced under unfavorable conditions
b) These are non-replicating entity with thick coat c) Contain DNA and other essential substances d) Toughest life form → resistant to heat, drying, freezing, radiation e) Under favorable conditions, germinate back into cells |
|
|
Bacterial flagella
|
a) H-antigens
b) Monotrichous (one/cell) c) Peritrichous (many/cell) d) Composed of helically coiled proteins (flagellin) e) Propellers that confer motility forwards food and away from poisons f) Assist in bacterial attachment to human cells→ virulence factor |
|
|
Bacteria→ fimbriae (pili)
|
a) F-antigens
b) Hair-like projections, thinner and shorter than flagella c) Originate in plasma membrane and protrude through the cell wall d) Can act as adhesins and are major virulence factors |
|
|
Gram (-) bacteria-- outer membrane
|
a) Permeability barrier for large molecules (lysosome, antimicrobials)
b) Protects from adverse conditions (digestive system of host) c) Asymmetric bilayer→ normal inner leaflet, outer leaflet is primarily LPS |
|
|
LPS
|
a) Characteristic of gram negative bacteria
b) Integral part of outer membrane, released after cell death (endotoxin) c) When host senses LPS, it turns on every defense at its disposal |
|
|
Gram (-) periplasmic space
|
a) Area between cytoplasmic and outer membrane
b) Contains transport systems for Fe, proteins, sugars, and other metabolites c) Contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down large macromolecules d) Contains virulence factors (colleganases, hyaluronidases, proteases) |
|
|
Gram (-) porin proteins
|
a) Many transmembrane proteins in otuer membrane such as porins
b) Form pores, allow difusion of small hydrophilic molecules |
|
|
Acid-fast and partially acid-fast bacteria
|
a) PG layer is surrounded by a wax-like lipid coat
b) Lipid coat contains mycolic acid, cord factor, wax D, and sulfolipids c) The lipid coat is responsible for virulence and is antiphagocytic d) C-chain length of mycolic acids determines acid fastness |
|
|
Aerobic
|
a) Grow in the presence of oxygen
|
|
|
Facultative
|
a) Can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
|
|
|
Anaerobic
|
a) Grows in the absence of oxygen
|
|
|
Fastidious
|
a) Special growth requirement
|
|
|
Non-fastidious
|
a) Simple growth requirement
|
|
|
Capnophilic
|
a) Requires CO2
|
|
|
Halophilic
|
Salt loving
|
