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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T/F: The bacterial glycocalyx contains adhesins.
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F: The glycocalyx is already sticky and doesn't need adhesins. Pili and fimbriae have adhesins.
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Name the 3 components of the prokaryotic flagellum.
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1. basal bodies
2. hook 3. filament |
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What does the ABC stand for in ABC transport across the bacterial membrane?
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ATP-binding cassette
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What morphological type of bacteria form endospores?
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Gram(+) bacilli;
EXCEPT Coxiella, which is a Gram(-) coccus. |
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What is the LAL assay used for?
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The Limulus amebocyte lysate assay is for testing presence of endotoxins in the water supply
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What are the four phases of bacterial growth?
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1. Lag
2. Log 3. Stationary 4. Death |
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What is sodium thioglycolate used for in lab cultures
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To create an oxygen gradient for distinguishing aerobes and anaerobes
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What emergent disease's original host was the fruit bat?
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Nipah virus (in Malaysia)
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Name three VHFs:
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Ebola virus
Marburg virus Yellow fever |
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Why is the genus Mycoplasma difficult to fight with penicillins?
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Because Mycoplasma does not have a cell wall, and penicillins work by interfering with prokaryotic cell wall formation.
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What is the only pathogen that grows in bismuth sulfate agar?
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Salmonella enterica serovar typhi
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How does vancomycin interfere with prokaryotic cell wall formation?
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It binds to the acyl-d-alanyl d-alanine terminus on the pentapeptide sidechain and prevents the cross-linking of the peptidoglycan strands.
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T/F: RNA polymerase requires a primer:template junction to begin the process of transcription.
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F: RNA polymerase does not need a primer:template junction. DNA polymerase does require one to begin the process of replication.
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To what do the activators and repressors bind in order to regulate gene expression?
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DNA
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What is the lac CAP
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the catabolite activator protein that recruise RNA polymerase to the promoter
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Name the three proteins coded for by the lac operon:
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beta-galactisidase
permease transacetylase |
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How thick is the Gram(+) peptidoglycan wall?
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20-80 nm
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What is the function of bactoprenol phosphate in bacterial growth?
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It is the lipid carrier that brings a NAM-NAG unit from the cytoplasm across the membrane to be added to the peptidoglycan wall.
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What are the four types of bacterial genetic recombination?
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1. transposition - shuffling within the cell
2. transformation - uptake of naked DNA into a competent cell 3. conjugation - transfer between cells via direct contact 4. transduction - transfer between cells via bacteriophage |
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Gram___ cells use sex pili for conjugation.
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(-)
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How does bacitracin interfere with bacterial cell wall formation?
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It prevents bactoprenol phosphate from releasing the second phosphate group, which keeps it from returning through the membrane to the cytoplasm, thereby halting the transport of any more NAG-NAM units.
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When does a bacterium produce dipicolinic acid?
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During spore formation. (It is produced inside the spore.)
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How does Listeria monocytogenes move around the host cell?
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It causes polymerization of host-cell actin which pushes it forward.
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What are the subunits of the cholera exotoxin?
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B-subunit: binds to membrane receptor and causes it to endocytize the exotoxin;
A-subunit: enters the cytoplasm, binds to a protein, and causes water to leave the cell |
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*Most* viral capsids have what kind of symmetry?
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helical
-or- icosahedral |
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The viral (+ / -)ssRNA is essentially already mRNA.
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(+)
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