Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Infection with this virus causes rapid onset of symptoms after an incubation period of 2 days including sore throat, fever, headache, chills, and generalized aches:
|
Influenza A and B
|
|
Besides the five classical symptoms of the flu, what other complications may be seen, especially in the elderly and young infants?
|
There is a dry, non-productive cough in the elderly and GI symptoms (nausea and vomiting) in infants
|
|
Proteolytic cleavage of _______ is necessary for infectivity of virion in influenza:
|
Hemagglutinin Antigen (HA)
|
|
Has serologically distinct subtypes of HA becasue of genetic rearrangement creating new subtypes
|
Influenza A
|
|
Has no distinct serological subtypes and No real antigenic shift
|
Influenza B
|
|
Antigenic shift occurs in ________ typically involving genome reassortment in pigs coinfected with human and avian strains
|
Influenza A
|
|
_____ on influenza A virus binds to NeuNAca2, 3GAL for avian viruses.
|
Hemaglutinin (HA)
|
|
HA on influenza A virus binds to NeuNAca2, 6GAL for ________ viruses.
|
Human
|
|
________ have both human and avain receptors for HA on Influenza and serve as a resevoir for genetic reassortment
|
Pigs
|
|
When should pregnant women get the flu vaccine?
|
In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters during flu season
|
|
What three components do influenza vaccines have?
|
Type A H1N1, type A H3N2, and type B components
|
|
Cold adapted LAV is delivered via IV and is restricted to what population.
|
Healthy individuals ages 5-49
|
|
Can get whole inactivated flu vaccine if what age?
|
12
|
|
These two drugs are inhibitors of influenza virus uncoating for therapy/prophylaxis against Influenza A although most current H3N2 strains are resistant
|
1. Amantidine
2. Ramantidine |
|
These two neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are used for prophylaxis and therapy against Influenza A and B
|
1. Zanamivir
2. Oseltamivir |
|
When are the influenza therapies effective?
|
They reduce duration and clinical illness when started within 2 days of initial symptoms
|
|
What are the two major epidemiological characteristics of a flu pandemic? Which one is not in the WHO criteria?
|
1. Extensive global geographic spread
2. high attack rate/incidence in humans. WHO does not consider morbidity or mortality in a pandemic. |
|
What was the cause of the pandemics of 1918 (H1N1), 1957 (H2N2) and 1968 (H3N2)?
|
Caused by antigenic shift resulting in new HA subtype associated with reassortment between avain and human viruses.
|
|
This was classified in June 2009 as a pandemic virus, it had a swine origin, and a low morbidity/mortality in the elderly but increased mortality in pediatric populations when compared to the seasonal flu:
|
Influenza A :H1N1
|
|
Why has Influenza A H5N1 not become a pandemic? What might change this?
|
The avain flu has only been seen as sporadic zoonotic cases and has not established efficient human to human spread necessary for it to become a pandemic. This may be due to the different receptors for human and avain flu.
|
|
Production requiring embryonic chick eggs instead of cell culture, genetic modification of highly pathogenic avain viruses, and ongoing antigenic drift are all complications of what?
|
These are all difficulties in producing effective human vaccines against influenza.
|
|
Polio virus, Coxackie A & B, echo and entero are all ________ viruses in the family picornavirus.
|
Enterovirus
|
|
What are the major characteristics of all enteroviruses?
|
1. Contagious
2. Fecal oral route 3. Peak incidence in summer and early fall 4. Mild in most cases 5. Long-term acquired immunity to serotype |
|
When does enterovirus infection peak?
|
Summer and early fall
|
|
This enterovirus causes myocarditis and pericarditis:
|
Coxsackie B
|
|
This enterovirus casues herpangina
|
Coxsackie A
|
|
This enterovirus casues acute hemorrhagic conjunctiva
|
Coxsackie A and Entero 70
|
|
These enteroviruses cause aseptic meningitis:
|
Echo and Coxsackie A and B
|
|
This enterovirus casues encephalitis
|
Entero 71
|
|
These enteroviruses casue acute flaccid paralysis:
|
Polio and Entero 71
|
|
Lab diagnosis of what disease includes virus isolation in cell culture of CSF, nasopharyngeal swab, or stool specimens followed by serotyping using a panel of neutralizing antibodies to determine if it is Sabin vaccine polio virus?
|
Serious enteroviral infections
|
|
This test is done for serum IgM and is useful if highly serotype specific. Can be used to assay for enterovirus 70.
|
Antibody Capture ELISA
|
|
This method of testing is more cost effective and rapid than cell culture, especially when analyzing CSF for diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis
|
RT-PCR
|
|
What is the prognosis for enteroviral meningitis?
|
It is usually self-limited and does not involve hospitalization
|
|
This is the inactivated, injected vaccine that was developed in 1955 to combat polio.
|
Salk Vaccine
|
|
This is the live, attenuated version of the polio vaccine developed in 1962.
|
Sabin vaccine
|
|
Which is the recommended polio vaccine in the US?
|
The inactivaed vaccine (IPV) aka Salk
|
|
This is a condition that affects polio survivors 10-40 years post recovery from an initial paralytic attack of polio and characterized by further weakening of affected muscles.
|
Post-polio Syndrome (PPS)
|
|
What is the Salk vaccine?
|
The inactivated polio vaccine given IM.
|
|
What is the Sabin vaccine?
|
The oral polio vaccine that is no longer used in the US.
|
|
This vaccine is associated with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP)
|
Sabin oral polio Vaccine (OPV)
|
|
This vaccine for polio is used in the eradication initiative becasue it elicits mucosal immunity (secretory IgA) which limits the spread of wild poliovirus along with the generalized immunity.
|
Sabin OPV - used in developing countries to erradicate polio
|