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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which bacterial substances induce cytokines, and which are they?
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Cytokines induced: 1. IL-1 2. TNF - Gram positive inducer: Teichoic acid - Gram negative inducer: Lipopolysaccharide (Endoxtoxin)
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What does the capsule of Bacillus anthracis consist of?
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D-glutamate
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What bacterial structure contains D-glutamate?
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Capsule of Bacillus anthracis
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What are the main differences between gram negative and gram positive organisms?
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Peptidoglycan cell wall: Gram positive has thick. Gram negative has thin.
Flagellar basal body rings: Gram positive has two. Gram negative has four. Outer antigen: Gram positive has Teichoic acid. Gram negative has Lipidpolysaccharide Periplasmic sp |
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What bacteria do not gram stain well?
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(These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color) Treponema, Rickettsia, Mycobacteria, Mycoplasma, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia
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Why does the following bug not gram stain well?: Treponema
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Too thin to be visualized
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Why does the following bug not gram stain well?: Rickettsia
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Intracellular parasite
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Why does the following bug not gram stain well?: Mycobacteria
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high-lipid-content cell wall
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Why does the following bug not gram stain well?: Mycoplasma
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No cell wall
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Why does the following bug not gram stain well?: Legionella pneumophila
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Primarily intracellular
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Why does the following bug not gram stain well?: Chlamydia
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Intracellular parasite which lacks muramic acid in cell wall
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How is the following bug visualized?: Treponema
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1. Darkfield microscopy, 2. Fluorescent antibody staining, 3. silver stain
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Why does the following bug not gram stain well?: Mycobacteria
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Acid fast for high lipid content cell wall
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What are the stages of bacterial growth and what are their relative lengths?
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1. Lag phase: x, 2. Log phase: 1.5x, 3. Stationary phase: 2.5x, 4. Death phase: 4x
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What happens in the following phase of bacterial growth, and where does it fall in the order?: Lag
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1st phase: Metabolic activity without division
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What happens in the following phase of bacterial growth, and where does it fall in the order?: Log
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2nd phase: Rapid cell division
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What happens in the following phase of bacterial growth, and where does it fall in the order?: Stationary
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3rd phase: Nutrient depletion slows growth
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What happens in the following phase of bacterial growth, and where does it fall in the order?: Death
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4th phase: Prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products leads to death
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